Abstract: All operations available on an intranet are securely performed from an outside of the intranet without taking out a file on the intranet from the intranet. A file on the intranet is not taken out, but, instead of this, image information on a target computer 1 is transmitted to an operational computer 4 with the http protocol, the https protocol, or the SSL protocol, and keyboard information, pointing information, or the like are transmitted from an operational computer 4 to the target computer 1. Consequently, the target computer 1 is operated.

Abstract: Differential phase shift (DPS) quantum key distribution (QKD) is provided, where the average number of photons per transmitted pulse is predetermined such that the secure key generation rate is maximal or nearly maximal, given other system parameters. These parameters include detector quantum efficiency, channel transmittance and pulse spacing (or clock rate). Additional system parameters that can optionally be included in the optimization include baseline error rate, sifted key error rate, detector dead time, detector dark count rate, and error correction algorithm performance factor. The security analysis leading to these results is based on consideration of a hybrid beam splitter and intercept-resend attack.

Abstract: All operations available on an intranet are securely performed from an outside of the intranet without taking out a file on the intranet from the intranet. A file on the intranet is not taken out, but, instead of this, image information on a target computer 1 is transmitted to an operational computer 4 with the http protocol, the https protocol, or the SSL protocol, and keyboard information, pointing information, or the like are transmitted from an operational computer 4 to the target computer 1. Consequently, the target computer 1 is operated.

Abstract: A one-way clutch is proposed which is low in surface pressures and durable. It includes an inner ring having a cylindrical outer surface, and an outer ring having a cylindrical inner surface defining a wedge-shaped space in cooperation with the cylindrical outer surface of the inner ring. A ring-shaped wedge member is disposed in the wedge-shaped space. The wedge member is formed with a cylindrical outer surface and a cylindrical inner surface having a center of curvature that is radially offset from the center of curvature of the cylindrical outer surface of the wedge member. A resilient member is provided between the inner ring and the wedge member to bias the wedge member in a direction to be wedged into the narrow portion of the wedge-shaped space. When the inner ring is rotated in one direction, the wedge member will be brought into wedging engagement with the cylindrical surfaces of the inner and outer rings. Torque is thus transferred from the inner ring to the outer ring.

Abstract: A foil bearing is provided, which is simple in structure, has a large load capacity and a large damping capability and can therefore allow a rotary shaft having a large unbalance as compared with the conventional bearing to be driven stably at a high speed. A spindle device utilizing such foil bearing is also provided, which is designed to increase the permissible amount of unbalance and also to have a light-weight feature. Each of the foil bearings 504 and 505 includes an elastic member 2 prepared from a wire net formed by braiding wires, and a thin bearing foil 3 supported by the elastic member 2 and defining an elastic bearing surface S. The respective foil bearing 504 and 505 is used at least as a radial bearing 504 in the spindle device including a rotary shaft 4 having a head mount 501a, on which an atomizer head is mounted, and the radial and thrust bearings 504 and 505 for rotatably supporting the rotary shaft 4.