Abstract: In an optical transmitting and receiving apparatus. an light transmitting and receiving unit includes a light emitting element, a light transmitting lens, a light receiving lens, and a photosensitive element. The light emitting element outputs light. The light outputted from the light emitting element passes through the light transmitting lens before leaving the light transmitting and receiving unit as outgoing light. The light receiving lens concentrates incoming light on the photosensitive element. A first support member is operative for supporting the light transmitting and receiving unit, and for allowing the light transmitting and receiving unit to rotate about a first axis. A first rotary mechanism connected to the light transmitting and receiving unit and the first support member is operative for rotating the light transmitting and receiving unit about the first axis.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to propose an account bankbook, a money transfer card, a receipt file, and a checkbook utilizing an optical card, an IC card, or a hybrid optical/IC card. On the surface of a resin card base board 1 are formed an IC chip 11, an optical recording sheet 13, a magnetic stripe 14, and an embossment 12. In a semiconductor memory within the IC chip 11 are written validation keys, search keys, payee information, the upper limit amount of a check, and a program for processing transaction data. Access restrictions corresponding to various applications are imposed upon these data. The history of various cash transactions is recorded in the optical recording sheet 13. These records are of write-once type and rewriting or deletion thereof is impossible.

Abstract: In an optical transmitting and receiving apparatus, an light transmitting and receiving unit includes a light emitting element, a light transmitting lens, a light receiving lens, and a photosensitive element. The light emitting element outputs light. The light outputted from the light emitting element passes through the light transmitting lens before leaving the light transmitting and receiving unit as outgoing light. The light receiving lens concentrates incoming light on the photosensitive element. A first support member is operative for supporting the light transmitting and receiving unit, and for allowing the light transmitting and receiving unit to rotate about a first axis. A first rotary mechanism connected to the light transmitting and receiving unit and the first support member is operative for rotating the light transmitting and receiving unit about the first axis.

Abstract: The transaction processing throughput of a system in which a plurality of servers cooperatively perform distributed processing of transactions is improved. The servers (1a, 1b, 1c, . . .) are connected to each other through a communication network (2), and a resources (16) and a log 18 are distributed over these servers. When one of the servers, e.g., the server (1a) receives a transaction, the server (1a) instructs the servers (1b, 1c, . . . ) over which the resource 16 relating to this transaction are distributed to update their resources, acquires the log data representing the updating contents and stores the log data in its log (18)The servers (1b, 1c, . . .) update the resources in accordance with the instruction. Even when a fault occurs in one of the servers (1b, 1c, . . .) during the transaction processing so that the updating of the resources has not been executed, the system assumes that all the resource has been updated and proceeds to processing the following transaction.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to propose an account bankbook, a money transfer card, a receipt file, and a checkbook utilizing an optical card, an IC card, or a hybrid optical/IC card. On the surface of a resin card base board 1 are formed an IC chip 11, an optical recording sheet 13, a magnetic stripe 14, and an embossment 12. In a semiconductor memory within the IC chip 11 are written validation keys, search keys, payee information, the upper limit amount of a check, and a program for processing transaction data. Access restrictions corresponding to various applications are imposed upon these data. The history of various cash transactions is recorded in the optical recording sheet 13. These records are of write-once type and rewriting or deletion thereof is impossible.

Abstract: A wireless communication system includes a repeater and a terminal device. The terminal device is connected to the repeater via a wireless communication channel. The terminal device includes a first section for converting a first electric signal into a first wireless signal, and transmitting the first wireless signal toward the repeater along the wireless communication channel. The terminal device includes a second section for receiving a second wireless signal from the repeater via the wireless communication channel, and converting the second wireless signal into a second electric signal. The terminal device includes a third section for deciding whether or not the first electric signal and the second electric signal are equal to each other to detect whether or not a signal collision occurs on the wireless communication channel.

Abstract: Operating Systems (OS's) of the same form are stored in first and second memory areas. The executing Operating System in the first memory area is terminated and the Operating System in the second area is initiated. After system files stored in the first area are released from access lock, they are replaced by substitute files provided in advance by using a file replacing function of the second Operating system. When such a file replacement fails for some reason, the original operating system files are immediately restored by using a backup file. By this invention, the updating of files previously forbidden by the Operating System in the first memory area to be accessed as well as the restoration of files at the time of update failure can be achieved by software.

Abstract: A wireless communication network system includes a communication controller, and a plurality of terminal devices which can communicate with the communication controller by wireless. The communication controller includes a first section for detecting absence of a received signal from any of the terminal devices, and a second section responsive to an output signal of the first section for periodically generating a nonbusy signal, which can be discriminated from another signal transmitted from the communication controller, in the absence of the received signal. Each of the terminal devices includes a third section for detecting the nonbusy signal, and a fourth section responsive to an output signal of the third section for permitting transmission from the terminal device after the nonbusy signal is received by the third section.

Abstract: An IC recording medium for executing data transmission/reception without contact with a reader/writer.

Abstract: An optical radio system includes a host device, an end device, and a repeater. The host device and the end device communicate with each other via the repeater by use of optical radio. The repeater includes a section for receiving a first light signal from one of the host device and the end device, a section for converting the received first light signal into a first electric signal, a section for frequency-converting the first electric signal into a second electric signal, and a section for generating a second light signal in response to the second electric signal and transmitting the generated second light signal. The repeater also includes a section for demodulating one of the first electric signal and the second electric signal into a baseband signal, a section for detecting a quality of the baseband signal, and a section for enabling transmission of the second light signal only when the detected quality of the baseband signal is equal to or greater than a predetermined quality.

Abstract: System for controlling communication between electronic information cards, such as IC-cards and a host computer, to be kept in secret. In order to protect the data, various countermeasures have been proposed in which the data are enciphered to be sent and deciphered for reading out. There is a problem, however, the cyphograph is difficult to keep secret when it is used for a long time. The invention intends to provide a device having at least two connectors for an IC-card stored with an algorithm for enciphering the data and another IC-card or other IC-cards for making communication with the host computer so as to readily change the first IC-card with a new one storing another algorithm.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for matching operation modes of modems for connection of terminals to a telephone line, i.e., matching operation forms determined by a communication speed, a coding format, a synchronizing format, etc., on both the calling and answering sides of the telephone line. When the answering side detects an extension specifying signal sent from the calling side, an operation mode of a modem corresponding to the extension specifying signal is used to select the specified operation mode from among a plurality of operation modes for modem circuits equipped on the answering side, for matching the operation mode of the answering side modem with that on the calling side. The answering side modem has a function of detecting a push-button dial signal serving as the extension specifying signal, and a function of providing the plurality of operation modes for the modem and optionally changing the operation mode upon an instruction from an answering side terminal.

Abstract: An IC card includes, in addition to an ordinary data recording processing circuit, an IC chip area including an encrypting circuit, and a magnetic or optical data recording unit mounted thereon. Those items of data at an initialization and final transaction times are recorded in the magnetic or optical data recording unit while a predetermined encryption is made in cooperation with the IC chip area and the terminal for initialization and terminal for transaction. When a data item to be recorded n the IC chip area in the IC card is destroyed, data items recorded on the magnetic or optical data recording area are decrypted to check if the recorded data items are true. If yes, these data items are restored in a new card.

Abstract: A totally self-checking checker checks the faults of a logical circuit and also checks faults inside itself. The totally self-checking checker does not require a large number of gate circuits and minimizes the number of test code words that are used. The code words, of the code word sets to be used, are less than half of all the code words of code since the bits of code Y are divided into M disjoint partial sets.

Abstract: The operation modes of a plurality of modems in a communication system are matched with each other for connection of digital terminals to an analog telephone line on both the calling and answering sides of the analog telephone line. For example, operation modes of modems on both sides of the analog telephone line can automatically be matched with each other by transferring a mode instructing signal with DTMF, using multi-frequency DTMF symbols for a select signal employed in the telephone line, between digital terminals connected to both ends of the telephone line.