Abstract: A method of hybrid integration of optical and electronic devices is disclosed. Optical waveguides and electrical interconnections are formed on a substrate coated with a photosensitive core layer sandwiched between an inner cladding layer and outer cladding layer, after mounting the devices within one or more recesses carved in the substrate and the coated layers. Adaptive lithography is used to create the desired pattern of waveguides and other deflecting optical elements within the core layer to correspond with the positions of the optical and electronic devices relative to the substrate.

Abstract: Optical circuits, in optical waveguide structures, are provided by making grating elements in patterns defined by perturbations of the refractive index of the waveguide material. An optical waveguide including ultraviolet (UV) photosensitive material is carried by a substrate to provide a waveguide assembly. The assembly is overlaid with a first mask being nontransparent to ultraviolet light and having a transparent aperture which defines an area of the optical waveguide for formation of an optical circuit. The first mask also includes registration targets. A grating mask with ports for passing ultraviolet light is removably clamped in a space registered relationship over the first mask, to provide a process assembly which is vibration tolerant. Exposing the grating mask to an ultraviolet radiation source, such as a UV lamp, forms the desired perturbations to affect the grating elements. The grating mask is removed and is reusable.

Abstract: A method of forming a package of an optical waveguide and optical fibers. The optical fibers are positioned between two compressive material layers and, with the fibers located in alignment grooves with one of the compressive layers between fibers and the groove surface, compression is applied. For compression, two rigid substrates, disposed one disposed one on each side of the arrangement of fibers and compressive layers, are urged towards each other. As the compressive layers are being compressed, the fibers are urged laterally into the grooves and into optical alignment with the waveguide. Preferably, two rigid plates, one on each side of the above assembly, are urged towards each other for compression. The plates are urged together at a plurality of localized positions so that the force applied may be adjusted individually at each of these locations so as to more precisely align the fibers and waveguide. The invention also includes a package made by the method.

Abstract: A high-performance electro-optic intensity modulator using two polymeric waveguides having a high extinction-ratio modulation process is implemented by the coupling-out effect of induced grating modulation. The two waveguides can be either single-mode or multi-mode, even highly multimode. The inducing of a modulated grating-coupler in a waveguide channel makes the coupling between two waveguides become unidirectional and the coupling efficiency can be achieved to a very high value in theory. The two waveguide channels in this intensity modulator may have large dimensions, so the device can support either single-mod or multi-mode operation. The electro-optic waveguide intensity modulator may be used either as a single optical modulator/switch or as a waveguide modulator/switch array for fiber-optic communication.

Abstract: An optical waveguide switch using two unidirectional waveguide couplers with coupling gratings is provided. Each unidirectional waveguide coupler compromises two waveguide channels and a coupling grating along one waveguide channel. Two such waveguide couplers with coupling gratings are positioned on a substrate to form a symmetric couple-pair. An optical signal launched into the input port of the first coupler may exit from the output port of the second coupler. A modulating electrode is used to eliminate the coupling gratings on the two couplers, and the optical signal launched into the input port of the first coupler exits from its own output port. Similarily, this process can also be performed for an optical signal launched into the second coupler. Thus an effective 2×2 switching performance is implemented with this structure. M×N switching performance may also be implemented with several 2×2 waveguide switches.