Abstract: A coffee machine is provided. The coffee machine may include a water line configured to supply water, a pump configured to pressurize the water, a first in-line heating element configured to heat the water to an intermediate temperature, a second in-line heating element configured to heat the water from the intermediate temperature to a temperature set point during an extraction process, and one or more electronic control modules configured to receive brewing settings, the brewing settings including the at least one temperature set point, estimate, based partially on the intermediate temperature, a flow rate of the water through the first in-line heating element, and adjust, based at least partially on the estimated flow rate, a power provided to the second in-line heating element.

Abstract: A coffee machine is provided. The coffee machine may include an electronic control module configured to receive at least one flow set point and at least one temperature set point. The coffee machine may further include a portafilter, a group head configured to receive the portafilter, and at least one water line configured to supply water. The coffee machine may further include at least one syringe pump configured to pressurize the water to attain the at least one flow set point. The coffee machine may further include an in-line heating element configured to control temperature of the water according to the at least one temperature set point. The coffee machine may further include a feedback loop configured to provide the temperature to the electronic control module to enable selectively adjusting the temperature.