Abstract: The suitability of the kind of steel strip known as black plate, optionally coated with small quantities of tin or nickel for food packaging, is greatly improved by ensuring the presence of a layer of P-type semiconducting oxide on the surface thereof. The ratio of the number of Type-P charge bearing atoms (NA) of that semiconducting oxide to the numbr of Type-N charge bearing atoms (ND) is greater than 1.2. The quality of the plate is yet further improved by coating the oxide surface with a thin chromic passivation layer that also contains a P-type semiconducting oxide.

Abstract: The wrapping includes two front end discoidal lids with cylindrical perimetral covers, suitable to surround the coil; each of the two lids is made up of at least two parts (21, 23; 25, 27) defined by radial planes, as two half-covers, which are assembled one after the other, each resting on the top part of the coil B, and making the coil itself resting on rollers 35 rotate; the two lids are made so that they overlap when they are assembled on the coil axially opposite to one another.

Abstract: The suitability of the kind of steel strip known as black plate, optionally coated with small quantities of tin or nickel for food packaging, is greating improved by ensuring the presence of a layer of P-type semiconducting oxide on the surface thereof.The quality of the plate is yet further improved by coating the oxide surface with a thin chromic passivation layer that also contains a P-type semiconducting oxide.

Abstract: A protective wrapper made of sheet metal for individual cylindrical ribbon coils of coiled metal sheeting to protect the coils individually from damage and from atmospheric corrosive agents. The wrapper is constructed from two discoidal end caps having a band defining a sleeve open at one end and an annular, radially inwardly projecting flange at the other end. The caps are disposed at opposite ends of the coil with the band or sleeve thereof extending toward each other. Each sleeve has an axial extent so that they overlap along marginal edges at the open ends over the coil. Each flange has pleats or corrugations extending radially increasing in depth toward the center of the coil. Each end cap flange has a center opening which will align coaxially with the center of the coil. A tubular insert for each end is inserted into the center of the coil and each insert has a radial flange extending outwardly to overlap the corresponding end cap flange.

Abstract: The above invention concerns the use of sodium carbonate and various mixtures thereof in furnaces for converting iron while blowing with oxygen.This compound, suitably prepared and added to the converter with sufficient operator skill, permits one to take care of well known limitations of rapid conversion processes, notably increasing reactions removing elements which are not wanted in steel, in particular phosphorus and sulphur.After careful examination of all the aspects of the use of said materials in converters, those conditions have been identified which permit one to use with success this new method with sodium slags in all types of processing involving oxygen blowing.