Abstract: Neuromodulation is used to enhance left ventricular relaxation and/or left ventricular contractility, during contemporaneous use of a mechanical circulatory support device to increase cardiac output or aid in unloading the heart. An exemplary neuromodulation system includes a therapy element positionable in proximity to at least one nerve fiber, and a stimulator configured to energize the therapy element to delivery therapy to the at least one nerve fiber such that left ventricular relaxation and left ventricular contractility are contemporaneously enhanced.

Abstract: An intravascular catheter includes an electrode carrying member. The catheter includes features visible in the fluoroscopic image that allow the practitioner to determine the radial position of the electrode carrying member within a blood vessel, and to confirm that the electrodes are positioned at the desired part of the vessel wall (e.g. against the posterior surface) and at the desired position along the length of the vessel, all without re-orienting the fluoroscope during the course of electrode positioning within the vascular. The features are shaped, formed in patterns, or possess other properties selected so that the appearance of the features on the fluoroscopic image differs depending on the rotational orientation of the electrodes. This can thus be used by the practitioner to determine whether, for example, an electrode carrying member having the features is positioned on the anterior or posterior wall of the blood vessel in which the array is positioned.

Abstract: A method for positioning an electrode array of a neuromodulation catheter at a target circumferential position along a posterior wall of a blood vessel. The method includes advancing the catheter to a target longitudinal position within the blood vessel and positioning the array within the blood vessel so as to minimize interference by CRM leads or coils in the blood vessel during therapeutic delivery of energy using the array.

Abstract: A neuromodulation system includes neuromodulation electrodes on an electrode support that is positionable within a blood vessel for transvascular stimulation of target nerves. Cathode surface area, cathode-to-anode spacing, and other parameters are selected for capture of specific types of nerves (sympathetic, parasympathetic, and/or mixed nerves), nerves located at larger or shorter distances from the vascular wall, and also for proper nerve capture for the targeted types of nerves.

Abstract: Neuromodulation is used to enhance left ventricular relaxation and/or left ventricular contractility, during contemporaneous use of a mechanical circulatory support device to increase cardiac output or aid in unloading the heart. An exemplary neuromodulation system includes a therapy element positionable in proximity to at least one nerve fiber, and a stimulator configured to energize the therapy element to delivery therapy to the at least one nerve fiber such that left ventricular relaxation and left ventricular contractility are contemporaneously enhanced.

Abstract: Neuromodulation is used to enhance left ventricular relaxation. An exemplary neuromodulation system includes a therapy element positionable in proximity to at least one nerve fiber, and a stimulator configured to energize the therapy element to delivery therapy to the at least one nerve fiber such that left ventricular relaxation and left ventricular contractility are contemporaneously enhanced.

Abstract: A neuromodulation system includes a first therapy element adapted for positioning within a superior vena cava, and a second therapy element adapted for positioning within a pulmonary artery. The first therapy element is carried on a first elongate flexible shaft, and the second therapy element is carried on a second elongate flexible shaft. One of the first and second shafts is slidably received within a lumen of the other of the first and second shafts—so that the second therapy element may be advanced within the body relative to the first therapy element. A stimulator is configured to energize the first therapy element within the first blood vessel to deliver therapy to a first nerve fiber disposed external to the superior vena cava and to energize the second therapy element within the pulmonary artery to deliver sympathetic therapy to a second nerve fiber disposed external to the pulmonary artery.