Abstract: A specimen for measuring a material under multiple strains and strain rates. The specimen including a body having first and second ends and a gage region disposed between the first and second ends, wherein the body has a central, longitudinal axis passing through the first and second ends. The gage region includes a first gage section and a second gage section, wherein the first gage section defines a first cross-sectional area that is defined by a first plane that extends through the first gage section and is perpendicular to the central, longitudinal axis. The second gage section defines a second cross-sectional area that is defined by a second plane that extends through the second gage section and is perpendicular to the central, longitudinal axis and wherein the first cross-sectional area is different in size than the second cross-sectional area.

Abstract: The present invention provides genetically modified strains of microorganisms that display enhanced tolerance to stress and/or inhibitors such as sodium acetate and vanillin. The enhanced tolerance can be achieved by increasing the expression of a protein of the Sm-like superfamily such as a bacterial Hfq protein and a fungal Sm or Lsm protein. Further, the present invention provides methods of producing alcohol from biomass materials by using the genetically modified microorganisms of the present invention.

Abstract: Applicant's present invention is a composite scintillator for neutron detection comprising a matrix material fabricated from an inorganic sol-gel precursor solution homogeneously doped with a liquid scintillating material and a neutron absorbing material. The neutron absorbing material yields at least one of an electron, a proton, a triton, an alpha particle or a fission fragment when the neutron absorbing material absorbs a neutron. The composite scintillator further comprises a liquid scintillating material in a self-assembled micelle formation homogeneously doped in the matrix material through the formation of surfactant-silica composites. The scintillating material is provided to scintillate when traversed by at least one of an electron, a proton, a triton, an alpha particle or a fission fragment. The scintillating material is configured such that the matrix material surrounds the micelle formation of the scintillating material.

Abstract: A neutron detector composed of a matrix of scintillating particles imbedded in a lithiated glass is disclosed. The neutron detector detects the neutrons by absorbing the neutron in the lithium-6 isotope which has been enriched from the natural isotopic ratio to a commercial ninety five percent. The utility of the detector is optimized by suitably selecting scintillating particle sizes in the range of the alpha and the triton. Nominal particle sizes are in the range of five to twenty five microns depending upon the specific scintillating particle selected.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous cell-line tamarin adenocarcinoma of the colon derived from the species Saquinus oedipus oedipus which is designated TAC-1. The invention is also directed to a method for establishing an adenocarcinoma cell-line, which comprises, obtaining a sample of a colorectal tumor, and then mincing, incubating and subculturing the sample. Finally, the invention is directed to a method for the serial passage of the cell-line and a suitable medium therefor.

Abstract: A beam profile scanner includes a probe constructed of a material that will emit electrons when struck by a particle beam such as an ion beam. The probe is passed through the ion beam and the electrons emitted by the probe are detected when they strike a detector surface that is configured and oriented to offer a substantially symmetric view to the moving probe in order to minimize changing capacitance noise. The detector surface is electrically connected to an analyzer circuit that monitors and further processes the current caused by electrons striking the dectector surface and that generates a signal corresponding to the ion beam profile. In the preferred embodiment, the detector surface is a circular metal plate charged to attract electrons emitted by the probe, and the symmetric view of the surface with respect to the probe helps to maintain noise at an acceptably low level.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a signal that is representative of the profile of an ion beam and compensates for the system noise of the ion beam profile scanner includes an ion beam profile scanner which produces a beam profile signal that is proportional to the profile of the ion beam and that has system noise from the scanner. A reference signal is produced which has a frequency proportional to the scan frequency of the beam profile signal, and at least one harmonic of the reference signal is also produced. The reference signal and at least one harmonic of the reference signal are individually adjusted in phase and amplitude to match the system noise in the beam profile signal, and the two adjusted signals are subtracted from the beam profile signal in a summation circuit. The resulting signal is representative of the beam profile and has reduced noise as compared to the beam profile signal.

Abstract: A method of imaging the heart to provide a distinct image using positron emission tomography comprises administering copper-64 citrate and a compatible carrier.