Abstract: A sheet material comprising a cushioning layer formed of resilient, cushioning material, and a non-absorbent, thermally non-conductive top layer of thermoplastic material formed with apertures which is embedded into the cushioning layer so that the cushioning material extends at least partially into the apertures in the top layer. The coefficient of friction of the top layer of the sheet material can be varied to alter the degree of slip-resistance of the sheet material depending upon the requirements of a particular application. The cushioning material forming the cushioning layer may be moisture-absorbent to help channel away moisture from the top layer, and, in one embodiment, is affixed to a second cushioning layer to form a three-layer sheet material.

Abstract: An insole for a shoe, and method of manufacture, comprises a bottom layer formed of cushioning material, and a top layer formed with apertures, which, in various methods of manufacture, is embedded into the bottom layer so that the cushioning material forming the bottom layer extends at least partially into the apertures in the top layer. The coefficient of friction of the top layer of the insole which contacts the foot of the wearer is variable and chosen to control the movement of the foot along the insole depending upon the type of activity and playing surface for which the shoe is designed.

Abstract: An insert, particularly for athletic shoes, is removably fitted over or affixed atop the top surface of the insole of the shoe and comprises a thin section of non-absorbant, thermally non-conductive thermoplastic material which is deformable to conform to the shape of the insole. The insert is formed with a plurality of spaced apertures to permit the passage of air and moisture between the sock and insole. The coefficient of friction of the uppermost surface of the insert is approximately equal to that of the skin of the foot so that movement of the foot and sock within the shoe is limited to reduce the incidence of turf toe, while permitting at least some motion of the foot and sock within the shoe especially during sudden stops or starts to avoid blistering of the foot.