Abstract: An external connection mechanism of a printed-circuit board 1 has a U-shaped elastic metal piece 2 having two parallel legs adapted to receive one edge of a printed-circuit board 1 therebetween. An insulating terminal base 3 holds both the metal piece 2 and an electric terminal 4 while keeping them in contact. The printed-circuit board 1 carries a temperature sensor 13 which is connected to a temperature-responsive circuit of the board 1. A contact lug 6 is formed by bending one of the two legs so as to be engageable with a conductive portion of the board 1, and a temperature-measuring station 7 is formed by bending root portion of the other one of the two legs toward close vicinity of the electric terminal 4 so as to be engageable with the temperature sensor 13.

Abstract: A programmed temperature controller including a difference detector which detects a temperature difference .DELTA.T between a quick-response temperature TC2 and a slow-response temperature TC3 at a quickly-responding portion and a slowly-responding portion of a workpiece (e.g., on the surface and core portions thereof). Also included is a comparator which compares the temperature difference .DELTA.T against an allowable difference limit preset by a difference setter. When the temperature difference .DELTA.t is found to be outside the allowable difference limit, a slope operator is actuated by the comparator, so as to calculate a slope of temperature change with respect to time of a program pattern PP which keeps the temperature difference .DELTA.t within the allowable limit. The above-mentioned slope in the program pattern PP is modified to the calculated value, and the temperature difference .DELTA.T is maintained within the allowable difference limit.

Abstract: The disclosed apparatus weighs a grown crystal that is being pulled from melt thereof. The lower end of a rope of known weight is connected to the crystal, while the upper end of the rope is connected to the drum of a rope-winding unit. The rope-winding unit includes a driver coupled to the drum so as to rotate the drum and wind the rope thereon, and the weight of the rope-winding unit including the drum and driver is known. At least one weight sensor is coupled to the rope-winding unit so as to measure the magnitude of gravity acting on the rope-winding unit. Whereby, the weight of the grown crystal is determined by subtracting the sum of the known weights of the rope and the rope-winding unit from the measured magnitude of the gravity acting on the rope-winding unit.

Abstract: A furnace 1 runs while repeating a cycle in which the furnace inside temperature varies along a preset pattern of temperature change with time under the control of a primary controller 12, and adjustment input r being applied to an enlarged system including the furnace 1 and the controller 12 is renewed at the end of each cycle of operation, based partly on output from a dual system with respect to the enlarged system, so as to reduce error between the preset temperature and the furnace inside temperature in the next cycle. The temperatures of heaters 2 of the furnace 1 are controlled by a secondary controller 35, and the set values at the input of the secondary controller 35 are given by output signals (.tau.) from the primary controller 12 which responds to the furnace inside temperatures (y). The order of the dual system is reduced, and the renewal of the adjustment input r is quickened.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for matching operation modes of modems for connection of terminals to a telephone line, i.e., matching operation forms determined by a communication speed, a coding format, a synchronizing format, etc., on both the calling and answering sides of the telephone line. When the answering side detects an extension specifying signal sent from the calling side, an operation mode of a modem corresponding to the extension specifying signal is used to select the specified operation mode from among a plurality of operation modes for modem circuits equipped on the answering side, for matching the operation mode of the answering side modem with that on the calling side. The answering side modem has a function of detecting a push-button dial signal serving as the extension specifying signal, and a function of providing the plurality of operation modes for the modem and optionally changing the operation mode upon an instruction from an answering side terminal.

Abstract: The operation modes of a plurality of modems in a communication system are matched with each other for connection of digital terminals to an analog telephone line on both the calling and answering sides of the analog telephone line. For example, operation modes of modems on both sides of the analog telephone line can automatically be matched with each other by transferring a mode instructing signal with DTMF, using multi-frequency DTMF symbols for a select signal employed in the telephone line, between digital terminals connected to both ends of the telephone line.

Abstract: A temperature control apparatus of a learning type for a furnace which runs repetitively with a certain operating pattern of temperature change with time. The apparatus has a dual system model with respect to an enlarged system consisting of the furnace and its controller. For each cycle of the repetition of the certain operating pattern, adjustment input (r) is calculated by using the dual system model and the error between the preset temperature values (r) for the pattern and the actual inside temperatures (y) of the furnace, which adjustment input (r) is applied to the enlarged system to cause the inside temperatures (y) to track the preset temperature values (r). After each cycle of operation, the adjustment input (r) is renewed using the latest value of the above error.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring AC power, in which a measured digital value of an AC voltage is decomposed into two components with a phase difference of 90.degree. therebetween, while a measured digital value of an AC current is decomposed into two components with a phase difference of 90.degree. therebetween, and a scalar product of a first vector consisting of the two components of the AC voltage and a second vector consisting of the two components of the AC current is calculated. The scalar product thus calculated represents active power carried by the AC current at the AC voltage. Separately, absolute value of vector product of the first vector and the second vector may be calculated, which absolute value of the vector product represents reactive power carried by the AC current at the AC voltage.

Abstract: The disclosed displacement detector uses a printed circuit board extending through a comparatively uniformly magnetized gap of a core. The core is essentially a closed loop of magnetic material enclosing a hollow space, and a magnetic material leg extends from a portion of the loop to the hollow space so as to define the above-mentioned gap between the extended end of the leg and a side of the loop facing therewith. A first coil is wound on the leg of the core. The printed circuit board has a second coil with a plurality of mutually spaced turns with slant portions, so that linkage of the magnetic flux of the core gap with the second coil varies depending on the relative displacement between the core and the printed circuit board. The slant portion of the second coil can be made symmetrical with respect to a center line parallel to the relative movement between the core and the printed circuit board.

Abstract: Upon selection of a range, an input signal is amplified by a factor suitable for the range, and effects of drift and offset of the amplification are eliminated by correction based on zero-volt and a reference voltage.

Abstract: An apparatus controls the temperature of a multi-zone furnace based on a given temperature distribution pattern, which pattern is automatically switched zone by zone while considering inter-zone thermal interferences as the work being heat-treated is changed by using a memory storing a series of such patterns for different kinds of works.

Abstract: A circular diaphragm with an annular thin portion has a smooth front surface, and coaxial but spaced inner and outer cylinders are secured to a rear surface of the diaphragm across said annular thin portion. Opposite edges of a rectangular strain member which is operatively connected to the disphragm through the inner cylinder are secured to a free end of the outer cylinder.

Abstract: A computer supervising individual controllers has a memory and a programmer, the memory storing a set of operating modules and control information of individual controllers, the programmer making a control program for each controller by providing software wiring of the operating modules based on the control information therefor, whereby the individual controllers are started by the control program and control information from the computer, while during operation the controllers transmit the latest control information to the computer for updating the control information in the computer.

Abstract: An apparatus controls the temperature of a multi-zone furnace based on a given temperature distribution pattern, which pattern is automatically modified zone by zone as the work being heat-treated is changed by using a memory storing a series of such patterns for different kinds of works.

Abstract: The disclosed connectible instrument casing has holding grooves formed on an outer sidewall thereof and linear ridges snugly insertible in the holding grooves, whereby adjacent casings are connected by engaging the linear ridges with the holding grooves. Each casing preferably has opposing grooves located in the inner surface of its top and bottom walls for supporting and guiding a circuit board.

Abstract: The disclosed thermal mass flow meter has a heat conductive case having a fine groove and a sensor pipe disposed in said fine groove so as to carry fluid flow to be measured.

Abstract: A dicode transmission system wherein a data is transmitted with the aid of an intermittent asynchronous system in the form of dicode signal. The disclosed system delivers a reset pulse from a transmitter side prior to the starting of a text transmission.

Abstract: A receiver circuit for receiving a double current pulse signal from a transmission line and delivering positive pulse or a negative pulse corresponding to that of the double current pulse signal in a discriminating manner. The circuit comprises an input transformer having a secondary winding divided into two halves; a resistor connected in series with each output terminal of the input transformer and having a resistance value which is considerably higher than a characteristic impedance of the transmission line; a diode having a cathode connected to an output terminal of the resistor and an anode connected to ground; and an amplifier having input terminals connected to the resistor and the diode, respectively, and delivering either a positive pulse or a negative pulse corresponding to that of the double current pulse signal in a discriminating manner.

Abstract: A bipolar signal generating apparatus for generating a bipolar signal having positive and negative polarities and comprising a switch means for connecting two terminals of a primary winding of a transformer with each other when the bipolar signal has a level of its neutral region.

Abstract: A plurality of data stations are connected in series by a "transmission line" to form a loop data communication system through which signals are transmitted unidirectionally. The transmission of the data is effected by using an information block containing two frames A and B as one unit. A central data station among the plurality of data stations is constructed to retransmit the received contents of frame A by frame B. The transmitting data station transmits the information by inserting it in frame A and an addressed data station receives the content of frame B.