Abstract: A discharge tube 10 includes first electrode 12, second electrode 14 and third electrode 16 which are arranged in parallel, airtight outer enclosure 22 including first tubular body 18 sandwiched between first electrode 12 and second electrode 14, and second tubular body 20 sandwiched between second electrode 14 and third electrode 16. Through-holes 24 is formed in second electrode 14 and allows internal spaces of first tubular body 18 and second tubular body 20 to communicate with each other. On first electrode 12 and third electrode 16, discharge electrode portions 26 are formed which protrude toward a center of airtight outer enclosure 22 and are disposed opposite to each other with discharge gap 28 provided in between, and discharge gas is filled in airtight outer enclosure 22. The discharge electrode portions 26 are inserted and arranged in through-hole 24 of second electrode 14.

Abstract: A discharge tube 10 includes first electrode 12, second electrode 14 and third electrode 16 which are arranged in parallel, airtight outer enclosure 22 including first tubular body 18 sandwiched between first electrode 12 and second electrode 14, and second tubular body 20 sandwiched between second electrode 14 and third electrode 16. Through-holes 24 is formed in second electrode 14 and allows internal spaces of first tubular body 18 and second tubular body 20 to communicate with each other. On first electrode 12 and third electrode 16, discharge electrode portions 26 are formed which protrude toward a center of airtight outer enclosure 22 and are disposed opposite to each other with discharge gap 28 provided in between, and discharge gas is filled in airtight outer enclosure 22. The discharge electrode portions 26 are inserted and arranged in through-hole 24 of second electrode 14.

Abstract: It is sought to provide an indicator lamp, which is excellent not only in short distance visual recognition property but also in long distance one, as well as being further excellent in sight field angle property. An indicator lamp includes a light-emitting element 1 and a light-emitting element lens 2 having a light-emitting element mounting cavity 3 formed at the bottom, in which the light-emitting element disposed in the cavity 3 emits light to be fully reflected by the peripheral surface of the lens 1 and proceeds as emission light flux forwardly of the lens 1. The slope angle of the peripheral surface with respect to the lens axis is reduced progressively from the bottom toward the lens front surface 5 in three stages, thus forming circumferential corners 7 and 8 as boundaries between adjacent ones of the three stages. The circumferential corners scatter light emitted from the light emitting element 2 to provide concentric emission light fluxes as viewed from the side of the lens front.

Abstract: It is sought to provide an indicator lamp, which is excellent not only in short distance visual recognition property but also in long distance one, as well as being further excellent in sight field angle property. An indicator lamp comprising a light-emitting element 1 and a light-emitting element lens 2 having a light-emitting element mounting cavity 3 form at the bottom is disposed, in which the light-emitting element disposed in the cavity 3 emits light to be fully reflected by the peripheral surface of the lens 1 and proceeds as emission light flux forwardly of the lens 1. The slope angle of the peripheral surface with respect to the lens axis is reduced progressively from the bottom toward the lens front surface 5 in three stages, thus forming circumferential corners 7 and 8 as boundaries between adjacent ones of the three stages. The circumferential corners scatter light emitted from the light emitting element 2 to provide concentric emission light fluxes as viewed from the side of the lens front.

Abstract: A discharge tube 10 formed by forming an airtight envelope 16 by hermetically sealing openings at both ends of a case member 12 made of an insulating material opened at both ends with a pair of cap members 14, 14 that double a discharge electrode, forming a predetermined discharge gap 22 between discharge electrode portions 18, 18 of the cap members 14, 14, forming on an inner wall surface 24 of the case members 12 a plurality of linear triggering discharge films 28 of which both ends are disposed separated by a small discharge gap 26 opposite to the cap members 14, 14 that double a discharge electrode, forming on a surface of the discharge electrode portion 18 a film 30 containing an alkali iodide, and encapsulating a discharge gas containing Kr (krypton) in the airtight envelope 16.

Abstract: An electric field electron discharge surge absorbing element includes a first substrate member having an electron discharge portion on which a plurality of emitters are formed, and a second substrate member having a surface on which no emitters are formed. The surface and the electron emitter portion face each other, separated at a prescribed distance by a frame member. A vacuum is formed in the envelope between the substrate members and the frame member. External electrode layers are formed on the outer surfaces of each substrate member. The emitter cones may be etched from a semiconductor material, or may be diamond crystals deposited in place.

Abstract: A panel-shaped gas-discharging type display device includes an anode and a cathode having a special shape to enhance discharging in an airtight chamber formed by two substrates. A gas containing an ultraviolet emission gas such as Xe and Kr and a fluophor for emitting a light are put together into the airtight chamber. Because of the shape of the cathode, more discharging occurs than with conventional devices. More ultraviolet emission from the discharging excites the fluophor to create a visible radiation. Therefore, the brightness of the device increases. Since the cathode is coated with an emitter material incapable of absorbing the ultraviolet emission gas, discharging is not obstructed by reduction of the ultraviolet emission gas, and the color of the visible radiation is stably maintained.

Abstract: An insulating substrate has a heat generating resistor and an electrical conductor on its surface. A pair of conductors, such as power or communication leads, are connected to a protected circuit. A rated voltage element and the heat generating resistor is connected in series between the lines. The electrical conductor is connected in series between one of the lines and the protected circuit. When a continuous overvoltage greater than a rated voltage of the rated voltage element develops in the lines, the rated voltage element acts to draw excess current through it and the heat generating resistor. When this current reaches a certain point, heat from the overcurrent in the heat generating resistor ruptures the substrate and the electrical conductor so that both the rated voltage element and the circuit are isolated from the conductors. This protects the protected circuit from destruction of, and consequent loss of protection by, the rated voltage element.

Abstract: A fuse resistor protects a circuit from a surge, an overcurrent from an unexpected connection, or the like. When a continuous overvoltage higher than a predetermined value is applied to the circuit, the heat from a heat-generating resistant film fractures an insulating substrate of the fuse resistor to open the circuit. Changing the minimum current to which the fuse resistor responds, by modifying a cutout or notch on the substrate, makes it possible to use the fuse resistor anywhere in the circuit. A discharging-type surge absorbing element with a security mechanism that includes the fuse resistor can thus provide protection against a surge or a continuous overcurrent that is more than the rated value of the fuse resistor.

Abstract: A combined noise filter and surge absorber for electrical and electronic equipment. The surge absorber may be removed for replacement, maintenance or testing without requiring the removal of the noise filter. Thus the equipment in which the noise filter is installed can continue to operate without the loss of noise filtering. The removability of the surge absorber from the noise filter allows flexibility in the installation of the surge absorber, enabling the invention to be adapted to a variety of equipment. A separate surge absorber can also be attached to equipment having an existing noise filter by means of various adapter embodiments of the present invention. These embodiments adapt the connecting terminals of the surge absorber to various types of external terminals of the noise filter.

Abstract: A surge absorbing device of composite construction comprising a high resistance element of metal oxide and a pair of electrodes connected to the high resistance element with a discharging gap formed between the electrodes. At a normal state, a fine current flows through the high resistance element, but when a surge voltage is transiently applied across the high resistance element, a triggering discharge is produced across the electrodes by a voltage drop of the product of the resistance value of the high resistance element and the value of surge current whereby it is immediately transferred to a main discharge of large current to absorb the surge current at a high velocity. A heat-proof and reduction-proof protective film is formed on the surface of the high resistance element to stabilize the characteristic of surge absorption.

Abstract: A DC gas discharge display panel is described, having a cathode which is formed by depositing a metal and/or a metal compound on a substrate of the DC gas discharge display panel or a cathode substrate by the application of plasma spray utilizing plasma generated by the discharge of a rare gas, or a mixed gas of a rare gas and hydrogen and/or nitrogen.

Abstract: A gas discharge display panel for a large screen display in which the display brightness and emission efficiency are very high, the display accuracy is high, and is simple to construct. Cathode electrodes having openings forming discharge cells are arranged in parallel on a front plate and a number of anode electrodes are arranged in parallel on a rear plate orthogonal to the cathode electrodes. Each opening in the cathode electrodes may be rectangular, substantially rectangular or circular. The length of one side of a rectangular opening or the diameter of a circular opening is set to satisfy 40.lambda..sub.e .ltoreq.D.ltoreq.500.lambda..sub.e while the thickness of the cathode electrode is 10.lambda..sub.e .ltoreq.T.ltoreq.100.lambda..sub.e, where .lambda..sub.e is the mean free path of electrons in a gas sealed in the display panel.

Abstract: A gas discharge display panel for a large screen display in which the display brightness and emission efficiency are very high, the display accuracy is high, and is simple to construct. Cathode electrodes having openings forming discharge cells are arranged in parallel on a front plate and a number of anode electrodes are arranged in parallel on a rear plate orthgonal to the cathode electrodes. Each opening in the cathode electrodes may be rectangular, substantially rectangular or circular. The length of one side of a rectangular opening or the diameter of a circular opening is set to satisfy 40.lambda..sub.e .ltoreq.D.ltoreq.500.lambda..sub.e while the thickness of the cathode electrode is 10.lambda..sub.e .ltoreq.T.ltoreq.100.lambda..sub.e, where .lambda..sub.e is the mean free path of electrons in a gas sealed in the display panel.

Abstract: A plasma display panel with an electrode composed of a metal layer (e.g., Fe and Ni) and a metal compound layer (e.g., alkaline earth metal oxide or sulfide, and rare earth metal hexaborides) which are formed by means of plasma spray coating. The plasma spray coating should be done at such a temperature that the metal or metal compound is in the molten state.

Abstract: A gas discharge display panel for a large screen display in which the display brightness and emission efficiency are very high, the display accuracy is high, and is simple to construct. Cathode electrodes having openings forming discharge cells are arranged in parallel on a front plate and a number of anode electrodes are arranged in parallel on a rear plate orthogonal to the cathode electrodes. Each opening in the cathode electrodes may be rectangular, substantially rectangular or circular. The length of one side of a rectangular opening or the diameter of a circular opening is set to satisfy 40.lambda..sub.e .ltoreq.D.ltoreq.500.lambda..sub.e while the thickness of the cathode electrode is 10.lambda..sub.e .ltoreq.T.ltoreq.100.lambda..sub.e, where .lambda..sub.e is the mean free path of electrons in a gas sealed in the display panel.