Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for steering and treating continuously running strip material. The strip material is directed by a steering assembly having a steering roll mounted to a yoke. The strip material is passed over a portion of the roll surface and is steered by pivoting the yoke so that the roll axis is caused to rotate or tilt in a plane transverse to the plane formed by the running strip material.

Abstract: A method of varying the flow in a flow conduit from both the anolyte disengager and the catholyte disengager to each appropriately corresponding electrode is provided to selectively vary the flow rate of electrolyte fluids through the disengagers to the appropriate electrodes to thereby control the level of foaming of the electrolyte fluids within the disengagers to prevent the blowover of foam during the separation of entrained gas from the electrolyte fluids therein.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for electromagnetic casting of metal and alloy ingots of desired shape having portions of small radius of curvature. A modified shield is provided which provides for a reduction of the electromagnetic field intensity at the corners of the forming ingot by increasing local screening of the field at the corners. Increased local screening at the corners is achieved by locally increasing shield depth, by providing for deeper displacement of the shield, by changing the shield section, or by changing the shield orientation. Also disclosed is a modified inductor which is shaped so as to be located at a greater distance from the portions of small radius of curvature of the ingots than from portions of the ingots adjacent to the portions of small radius of curvature. The modified shield may be combined with the modified inductor and/or with a coolant manifold to simultaneously modify and control coolant application elevation such that the elevation is a minimum at the corners of the ingot.

Abstract: An electromagnetic casting process and apparatus utilizing an active transformer-driven copper shield. The shield is actively driven with a voltage out of phase with the voltage in the containment inductor with the result that a bucking current is produced in the shield which is out of phase with the current induced in the shield by the inductor. An active transformer-driven duplex variable impedance shield is also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are selected poly(oxyalkylated) hydrazines of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is selected from hydrogen, lower alkyl groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenyl and mixtures thereof; and the sum of w, x, y, and z is from about 4 to about 20. These compounds are shown to be effective corrosion inhibitors for hydraulic fluids.

Abstract: A remote controlled intercell connector bar jack is disclosed. The jack can have a first contactor and a second contactor spaced apart by a piston and cylinder assembly. The assembly can be remotely expanded or contracted to move the contactors away from each other or towards each other, respectively. The first contactor contacts a movable intercell connector while the second contactor contacts a fixed object such as the wall of one of two adjacent cells connected by the intercell connector. The second contactor can be a plate adapted to rest against a wall of a cell to which the intercell connector is attached and the first contactor adapted to rest against the intercell connector so that the intercell connector is jacked away from the cell wall when the assembly is remotely expanded.

Abstract: Described are biodegradable surfactants useful as agricultural emulsifiers and having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a linear, alkyl hydrocarbon chain having an average from about 6 to about 10 carbon atoms; R' is a linear, alkyl hydrocarbon of 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; R" is a linear, alkyl hydrocarbon of from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; x is an integer from about 8 to about 12; y is an integer from about 19 to about 25; and z is an integer from about 2 to 7.

Abstract: Disclosed is the use of aluminum tris(-O-ethyl phosphonate) as an ammonium nitrification inhibitor. This compound can be spread upon or mixed with the soil or applied with nitrogen-containing fertilizers to inhibit ammonium nitrification in the soil.

Abstract: An improved frame component for a frame of an electrode useful in a filter press cell having a channel or U-shaped configuration comprising an outer planar wall attached orthogonally to first and second planar side walls with a multiplicity of spaced rigid reinforcing members attached to first and second side walls.

Abstract: A novel electrode for a monopolar filter press cell is disclosed which comprises a first foraminous surface and a second foraminous surface positioned in parallel and spaced apart, which are secured to conductor rods positioned in a cell frame. The frame has two side members, a top member and a bottom member attached to the first and second foraminous surfaces. A chamber is formed between the first and second foraminous surfaces and bounded by the frame. At least one pair of conductor rods pass through one of the side members of the frame into the chamber. One of the conductor rods in each pair is attached only to the first foraminous surface; the other conductor rod in the pair is attached only to the second foraminous surface. The frame has inlets and outlets for introducing fluids into and removing electrolysis products from the chamber.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the perforation of webs being moved in a longitudinal direction, by an array of electrodes spatially distributed in a transverse direction, wherein selected control electrodes are added to or removed from the electrode array to provide a transverse, or spatial, degree of control over web porosity. Synchronized sensing of multiple point transverse web porosity, combined with logic circuitry provides the controls for selection and actuation of the appropriate control electrodes. A combined temporal and spatial porosity control embodiment is disclosed. The combined and alternate embodiments described are particularly useful for perforating paper, film, and like materials, where a high degree of area-balanced porosity control is desired.

Abstract: A novel electrode is disclosed for a filter press cell operating at medum pressure. This novel electrode comprises two vertical planar foraminous surfaces positioned in parallel and spaced apart, having at least one pair of conductor rods and a frame. The frame has two side members, a top member, and a bottom member, and is attached to the planar surfaces whereby a chamber is formed between the planar surfaces bounded by the frame. The foraminous surface has a tensile strength in the range from about 50 to about 300 pounds per lineal inch measured in the weakest direction of the foraminous surface. One conductor rod of each pair is attached to the frame along with one of the foraminous surfaces. At least one process connection for conveying process material into and out of the chamber is also provided in the frame.

Abstract: Copper or copper alloy sheet or foil displaying improved forming and working properties is prepared by the provision over its surface of a thin coating containing a copper salt of an organophosphonic acid, and subsequently, an outer film of lubricant strongly retained by the coating is applied. To form the coating, the sheet or foil is immersed for a short time in an aqueous solution containing a phosphonic acid, rinsed and dried, the treatment being combined with or preceded by oxidation of the sheet surface, and the lubricant film is applied prior to forming operations, preferably as the final step in the production of the cupreous sheet.

Abstract: Polyol compositions containing effectively dispersed particulate material featuring critical dispersion characteristics are used to stabilize foam reaction in high resilience polyurethane foam.

Abstract: An electrode for a monopolar filter press cell comprises two vertical foraminous surfaces positioned in parallel and spaced apart. A frame having two side members, a top member, and a bottom member is attached to the foraminous surfaces. A chamber is formed between the foraminous surfaces and bounded by the frame. Conductor rods pass through one of the side members into the chamber; the conductor rods being spaced apart from the foraminous surfaces. The frame has inlets and outlets for introducing fluids into and removing electrolysis products from the chamber. The novel electrodes provide improved gas flow patterns by creating limited restrictions within the chamber so as to generate a Venturi or low pressure effect which pulls gases from the interelectrode gap through the electrode surfaces and into the chamber.

Abstract: A method of assembling an electrolytic membrane cell is disclosed. The method includes the steps of assembling a vertical stack of horizontal electrode frames with a horizontal membrane sheet between each pair of frames, then applying pressure to vertically compress the vertical stack, then rotating the compressed vertical stack from a vertical orientation to a horizontal orientation in which orientation of the stack is called a "pack" and then connecting the pack into an electrical circuit and to raw material supply lines and product withdrawal lines and then electrically operating the pack while maintaining the pack in a horizontal orientation.

Abstract: A process for producing 2,6-dichloro-3-nitropyridine by reacting 2,6-dichloropyridine with nitric acid in the presence of about 10-65% strength by weight oleum.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel halogenated tertiary phosphite esters which are the reaction product of 4,4,4-trichloro-1,2-epoxybutane or 2,4,4,4-tetrachlorobutanol with a phosphorus trihalide. These compounds are useful as flame retardant additives in plastic resin compositions.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell employing a hydraulically impermeable membrane having a spacing means interposed between the anode and the membrane, is operated by providing a positive pressure differential between the cathode compartment and the anode compartment. The pressure differential is sufficient to maintain contact between the spacer and the membrane to provide uniform spacing between the anode and the membrane. In addition, this process provides sufficient spacing between the membrane and the cathode to provide efficient release of any gas formed and to prevent gas blinding at the cathode. Employing the positive pressure differential enables the cell to be operated at reduced energy costs when producing, for example, concentrated solutions of sodium hydroxide by careful control of the spacing between the membrane and the electrodes.

Abstract: Flame retardant polyurethane foams are prepared from compositions containing as flame retardant additives, a select group of halogenated phosphate esters.