Abstract: The systems, methods and apparatuses described herein provide a virtual integrated circuit card (ICC). In one aspect, a method of creating a virtual ICC may be provided. The method may comprise obtaining executable code configured to run on a user device to facilitate financial transactions, preparing a first encryption key usable by the executable code, receiving a second encryption key associated with the user device, forming a virtual ICC comprising the executable code and the first encryption key, and encrypting the virtual ICC with the second encryption key. In another aspect, a virtual ICC may be embodied on a non-transitory computer-readable medium. The virtual ICC may comprise executable code configured to run on a user device to facilitate financial transactions and a first encryption key usable by the executable code. The virtual ICC may be encrypted using a second encryption key associated with the user device.

Abstract: The systems, methods and apparatuses described herein provide a virtual integrated circuit card (ICC). In one aspect, a method of creating a virtual ICC may be provided. The method may comprise obtaining executable code configured to run on a user device to facilitate financial transactions, preparing a first encryption key usable by the executable code, receiving a second encryption key associated with the user device, forming a virtual ICC comprising the executable code and the first encryption key, and encrypting the virtual ICC with the second encryption key. In another aspect, a virtual ICC may be embodied on a non-transitory computer-readable medium. The virtual ICC may comprise executable code configured to run on a user device to facilitate financial transactions and a first encryption key usable by the executable code. The virtual ICC may be encrypted using a second encryption key associated with the user device.

Abstract: The systems, methods and apparatuses described herein provide a computing device that is configured to attest itself to a communication partner. In one aspect, the computing device may comprise a communication port configured to receive an attestation request from the communication partner, and an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The ASIC may be configured to receive the attestation request, which may include a nonce. The ASIC may be further configured to generate a verification value, capture data representing a state of computation of the ASIC when the verification value is being generated, and send the verification value and captured data to the communication port to be transmitted back to the communication partner. The verification value may be a computation result of a predefined function taking the nonce as an initial value. In another aspect, the communication partner may be configured to attest the computing device using speed of computation attestation.

Abstract: The systems, methods and apparatuses described herein provide a computing device that is configured to attest itself to a communication partner. In one aspect, the computing device may comprise a communication port configured to receive an attestation request from the communication partner, and an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The ASIC may be configured to receive the attestation request from the communication port. The attestation request may include a nonce generated at the communication partner. The ASIC may be further generate a verification value and send the verification value to the communication port to be transmitted back to the communication partner. The verification value may be a computation result of a predefined function taking the nonce as an initial value. In another aspect, the communication partner is configured to attest the computing device using speed of computation attestation.

Abstract: The systems, methods and apparatuses described herein provide a virtual integrated circuit card (ICC). In one aspect, a method of creating a virtual ICC may be provided. The method may comprise obtaining executable code configured to run on a user device to facilitate financial transactions, preparing a first encryption key usable by the executable code, receiving a second encryption key associated with the user device, forming a virtual ICC comprising the executable code and the first encryption key, and encrypting the virtual ICC with the second encryption key. In another aspect, a virtual ICC may be embodied on a non-transitory computer-readable medium. The virtual ICC may comprise executable code configured to run on a user device to facilitate financial transactions and a first encryption key usable by the executable code. The virtual ICC may be encrypted using a second encryption key associated with the user device.

Abstract: An apparatus according to the present disclosure may comprise a secure zone configured to execute a task having a subtask. The task and subtask may have respective executable code and may be digitally signed by respective code providers. The secure zone may be further configured to apply respective sets of permissions while the respective executable code of the task and subtask are executed. The respective set of permissions for the task may be based on at least one of information associated with the signed task and information in a digital certificate of the respective code provider for the task. The respective set of permissions for the subtask may be based on at least one of information associated with the signed subtask and information in a digital certificate of the respective code provider for the subtask.

Abstract: The systems, methods and apparatuses described herein provide a virtual integrated circuit card (ICC). In one aspect, a method of creating a virtual ICC may be provided. The method may comprise obtaining executable code configured to run on a user device to facilitate financial transactions, preparing a first encryption key usable by the executable code, receiving a second encryption key associated with the user device, forming a virtual ICC comprising the executable code and the first encryption key, and encrypting the virtual ICC with the second encryption key. In another aspect, a virtual ICC may be embodied on a non-transitory computer-readable medium. The virtual ICC may comprise executable code configured to run on a user device to facilitate financial transactions and a first encryption key usable by the executable code. The virtual ICC may be encrypted using a second encryption key associated with the user device.

Abstract: The systems, methods and apparatuses described herein provide a computing device that is configured to attest itself to a communication partner. In one aspect, the computing device may comprise a communication port configured to receive an attestation request from the communication partner, and an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The ASIC may be configured to receive the attestation request, which may include a nonce. The ASIC may be further configured to generate a verification value, capture data representing a state of computation of the ASIC when the verification value is being generated, and send the verification value and captured data to the communication port to be transmitted back to the communication partner. The verification value may be a computation result of a predefined function taking the nonce as an initial value. In another aspect, the communication partner may be configured to attest the computing device using speed of computation attestation.

Abstract: The systems, methods and apparatuses described herein provide a computing device that is configured to attest itself to a communication partner. In one aspect, the computing device may comprise a communication port configured to receive an attestation request from the communication partner, and an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The ASIC may be configured to receive the attestation request from the communication port. The attestation request may include a nonce generated at the communication partner. The ASIC may be further generate a verification value and send the verification value to the communication port to be transmitted back to the communication partner. The verification value may be a computation result of a predefined function taking the nonce as an initial value. In another aspect, the communication partner is configured to attest the computing device using speed of computation attestation.

Abstract: A computer processor and a security enhancing chip may be provided. In one aspect, the computer processor may comprise a storage for storing an encryption key, a central processing unit (CPU) configured to execute one or more software programs, and a circuit configured to calculate a hash function to generate a hash value for data loaded into the computer processor and generate an authentication token for a request initiated by a software program running on the CPU. In another aspect, the security enhancing chip may comprise a first storage for storing an encryption key, a second storage for storing a certificate, a hash storage and circuit components configured to validate, using the first certificate, command(s) adding the encryption key to the first storage and storing a first hash to the hash storage, and to process a request if a second hash in the request is equal to the first hash.

Abstract: The systems, methods and apparatuses described herein provide a computing device that is configured to attest itself to a communication partner. In one aspect, the computing device may comprise a communication port configured to receive an attestation request from the communication partner, and an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The ASIC may be configured to receive the attestation request, which may include a nonce. The ASIC may be further configured to generate a verification value, capture data representing a state of computation of the ASIC when the verification value is being generated, and send the verification value and captured data to the communication port to be transmitted back to the communication partner. The verification value may be a computation result of a predefined function taking the nonce as an initial value. In another aspect, the communication partner may be configured to attest the computing device using speed of computation attestation.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for latency-oriented router. An incoming packet is received on a first interface. The type of the incoming packet is determined. Upon the detection that the incoming packet belongs to latency-critical traffic, the incoming packet is duplicated into one or more copies. Subsequently, the duplicated copies are sent to a second interface in a delayed fashion where the duplicated copies are spread over a time period. The duplicated copies are received and processed at the second interface.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for latency-oriented router. An incoming packet is received on a first interface. The type of the incoming packet is determined. Upon the detection that the incoming packet belongs to latency-critical traffic, the incoming packet is duplicated into one or more copies. Subsequently, the duplicated copies are sent to a second interface in a delayed fashion where the duplicated copies are spread over a time period. The duplicated copies are received and processed at the second interface.

Abstract: The systems, methods and apparatuses described herein provide a computing device that is configured to attest itself to a communication partner. In one aspect, the computing device may comprise a communication port configured to receive an attestation request from the communication partner, and an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The ASIC may be configured to receive the attestation request from the communication port. The attestation request may include a nonce generated at the communication partner. The ASIC may be further generate a verification value and send the verification value to the communication port to be transmitted back to the communication partner. The verification value may be a computation result of a predefined function taking the nonce as an initial value. In another aspect, the communication partner is configured to attest the computing device using speed of computation attestation.

Abstract: The systems, methods and apparatuses described herein provide an apparatus configured for preventing relay attacks on a communication link between the apparatus and a communication partner. The apparatus may comprise a communication port, a timer and a processor. The processor may be configured to generate a request, transmit the request through the communication link using the communication port and start counting time using the timer, receive a response via the communication port and stop the timer, receive authentication data via the communication port, authenticate the authentication data, compare the counted time with a predefined threshold, compare a first field within the request with a second field within the response and determine whether there is a relay attack.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for latency-oriented router. An incoming packet is received on a first interface. The type of the incoming packet is determined. Upon the detection that the incoming packet belongs to latency-critical traffic, the incoming packet is duplicated into one or more copies. Subsequently, the duplicated copies are sent to a second interface in a delayed fashion where the duplicated copies are spread over a time period. The duplicated copies are received and processed at the second interface.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for latency-oriented router. An incoming packet is received on a first interface. The type of the incoming packet is determined. Upon the detection that the incoming packet belongs to latency-critical traffic, the incoming packet is duplicated into one or more copies. Subsequently, the duplicated copies are sent to a second interface in a delayed fashion where the duplicated copies are spread over a time period. The duplicated copies are received and processed at the second interface.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for latency-oriented router. An incoming packet is received on a first interface. The type of the incoming packet is determined. Upon the detection that the incoming packet belongs to latency-critical traffic, the incoming packet is duplicated into one or more copies. Subsequently, the duplicated copies are sent to a second interface in a delayed fashion where the duplicated copies are spread over a time period. The duplicated copies are received and processed at the second interface.

Abstract: The systems, methods and apparatuses described herein provide a computing environment that includes a secure zone for executing tasks. An apparatus according to the present disclosure may comprise a screen, a secure zone and an indicator operatively controlled by the secure zone. The secure zone may be configured to execute a task and to assume control over an output to the screen while the apparatus is operating in a secure mode and to transfer control over the output to the screen to a non-secure zone while the apparatus is operating in a non-secure mode.

Abstract: The systems, methods and apparatuses described herein provide an apparatus configured for ensuring proximity of a communication partner. In one aspect, the apparatus may comprise a communication port and a processor. The processor may be configured to send a request to and receive a response from the communication partner via the communication port using modulated signals, measure a time period between sending and receiving using timings of modulated signals' symbols, and receive a secondary value from the communication partner. The secondary value may be verified to include at least a portion of the request and a portion of the response, and may have been sent with authenticating data to authenticate it. The time period may be compared with a predefined threshold calculated based on a predefined maximum allowed distance to the communication partner. In another aspect, an apparatus may be configured to ensure its proximity to a communication partner.