Abstract: A rigidity variable apparatus includes: a rigidity variable member having a cylindrical shape, a bending rigidity of the rigidity variable member increasing by being heated; a heater having a cylindrical shape and arranged along the rigidity variable member on an inside of the rigidity variable member in a radial direction, the heater being configured to heat the rigidity variable member; a filler arranged so as to fill a gap between the heater and the rigidity variable member in the radial direction, the filler being configured to transfer heat from the heater to the rigidity variable member; and a tube arranged along the heater on an inside of the heater in the radial direction.

Abstract: An examination device includes a processor, and the processor detects, in swallowing videoendoscopy in which an inflow object is given to a subject and a swallowing action is observed, at least two timings among a swallowing instruction timing at which a swallowing instruction is given, an inflow timing of the inflow object into the pharynx during the swallowing action, and a swallowing reflex triggering timing in the subject.

Abstract: An endoscope provides a connector substrate of an endoscope connector to be connected to a processor with a temperature sensor for directly measuring a temperature of the connector substrate, performs control to restrict a power supply (in other words, limit and stop a power supply) from an endoscope power supply circuit according to the measured temperature of the connector substrate (in other words, the endoscope connector), and thereby appropriately manages the temperature of the endoscope connector in the endoscope.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus for endoscope includes a processor. The processor sequentially receives a plurality of observation images of an endoscope, detects one or more lesioned parts from each of the plurality of observation images, analyzes visibility of at least one of a distance from the endoscope, an occupied area, a shape, a size, a position in the observation image, a color, luminance, or an organ part relating to the detected lesioned part, sets a display extension time of a detection result of the lesioned part according to the visibility, and outputs the observation image to which the detection result of the lesioned part is added.

Abstract: An imaging unit used in an oblique-viewing endoscope in which an endoscope axis along a longitudinal direction of a distal end portion of the endoscope and an optical axis of a lens unit cross along an observation direction includes: a semiconductor package including a light receiving surface arranged perpendicularly to the optical axis of the lens unit, an imaging device converting an optical image formed by the lens unit into an image signal, and a sensor electrode on a rear surface; a first circuit board including a first connecting electrode on a front surface and connected to the sensor electrode, and a second connecting electrode on a rear surface on which an electronic part is mounted; and a second circuit board including a first region including a third connecting electrode connected to the second connecting electrode, and a second region including a cable connecting electrode connected to a cable.

Abstract: A recording device includes: a memory; and a processor including hardware. The processor is configured to generate, based on temporal change in plural sets of image data that have been generated by an endoscope and arranged chronologically, biological information on a subject, associate the plural sets of image data with the biological information to record the plural sets of image data with the biological information into the memory, and select, based on the biological information, image data from the plural sets of image data that have been recorded in the memory to generate three-dimensional image data.

Abstract: A cannulation method includes inserting an endoscope into a duodenum, bringing a distal end section of the endoscope to a position where a duodenal papilla is within a field of view of the endoscope, promoting secretion of pancreatic juice or bile by administering a drainage stimulant, determining an amount of relaxation of the duodenal papilla, and performing cannulation into a biliary duct through the duodenal papilla where the amount of relaxation is greater than a predetermined amount.

Abstract: A medical system including an endoscope configured to electrically drive an endoscopic operation. The endoscopic operation includes at least one of a forward and backward movement of an insertion section, a bending angle of a bending section of the insertion section, and a rolling rotation of the insertion section, the endoscope being configured to capture an endoscope image. The medical system further includes a processor comprising hardware. The processor is configured to control the endoscopic operation to achieve a second positioning subsequent to a first positioning, the first positioning being where the insertion section is positioned with respect to a papillary portion of a duodenum, the second positioning positions a distal end section of the insertion section with respect to a papillary portion of the duodenum based on the endoscope image.

Abstract: A medical system including: an instrument having a motion that is electrically driven, the motion being forward and backward movement of an insertion section, a bending angle of a bending section of the insertion section, and/or rolling rotation of the insertion section; an operation device performing an operation input of the motion; and a processor. The processor controlling the motion based on the operation input in a motion mode, the motion mode being one of a full auto mode to perform automatic control of the motion and a semi auto mode in which an operator manually controls the motion. When controlling the motion in the semi auto mode, the processor interrupting the semi auto mode by automatic control of the motion to perform intervention, Subsequent to the intervention, the processor switching to one of the full auto mode and the semi auto mode based on a use of the instrument.

Abstract: An information processing system comprises a processor including hardware. The processor is configured to acquire an evaluation parameter of a procedure performed by a doctor, calculate one or more evaluation items based on the evaluation parameter acquired, evaluate a first skill of the procedure based on the one or more evaluation items calculated, reference a training course based on the one or more evaluation items calculated and the first skill evaluated, and a database storing each of the one or more evaluation items in correspondence with training courses based on weighting coefficients, and perform processing of notifying a proposal of the training course referenced.

Abstract: An imaging system includes: an imaging unit configured to generate a video signal; a control device configured to control the imaging unit; a first signal line configured to transmit a predetermined power supply voltage to the imaging unit; and a second signal line configured to transmit the video signal to the 284 control device. The imaging unit includes an imaging element including a pixel portion configured to generate the video signal according to a light reception amount and output the generated video signal to the second signal line, and a first detector configured to detect a voltage value of a power supply voltage that has reached the imaging unit via the first signal line as a voltage value of a first power supply voltage and output the voltage value to the second signal line.

Abstract: An endoscope includes a channel tube provided in a direction of a longitudinal axis of an insertion section, and a pipe sleeve provided in the operation section and including a tube insertion hole on a distal end side, the proximal end side of the channel tube being inserted in the tube insertion hole. An inner diameter at a first position on a proximal end side of the pipe sleeve is larger than an inner diameter at a second position in a hole part that communicates with a proximal end of the tube insertion hole, the inner diameter at the second position of the pipe sleeve is smaller than an inner diameter at a third position in the tube insertion hole, and the pipe sleeve includes an abutting surface at the proximal end of the tube insertion hole.

Abstract: An information processing system, including a processor comprising hardware. The processor being configured to: acquire an endoscope image from an endoscope, the endoscope image showing a papillary portion, determine route information of a lumen based on the endoscope image, the lumen being at least one of a biliary duct or a pancreatic duct, generate a display image based on a result of the determination of the route information of the lumen, the display image having a route guide image to provide guidance of a route of the lumen leading to the papillary portion superimposed on the endoscope image, and display the display image on a display.

Abstract: A control apparatus includes a processor. The processor selects one scene of a plurality of scenes of a predetermined surgical operation based on user input, changes settings of a surgical apparatus according to the scene selected when each scene is selected, selects surgery-related information according to the scene selected, and displays the surgery-related information on a display unit.

Abstract: A system controller can predict, when a first operation is performed on one device of a plurality of devices including a medical instrument, a subsequent operation that is the operation that occurs most frequently after the first operation based on an operation history information table in which past operation information is recorded for each procedure performed on the plurality of devices. This information can be displayed on an operation screen of an operation panel apparatus.

Abstract: A tubular connector for use with a spiral tube used on an insertion section of an endoscope. The tubular connector including: an outer surface; an inner surface; and a plurality of cams circumferentially spaced on the inner surface to project radially inward from the inner surface, the plurality of cams extending in a longitudinal direction of the tubular connector; wherein each of the plurality of cams have one or more cam surfaces configured to engage a rotating member to rotate the spiral tube. The plurality of cams can alternatively be formed directly on an interior surface of the spiral tube.

Abstract: An endoscope includes an image pickup apparatus, and the image pickup apparatus includes an imager includes an external electrode, a stacked device, a top electrode on a top surface, and a bottom electrode on a bottom surface, a three-dimensional wiring board having a first zone to which the external electrode is bonded, a second zone to which the top electrode or the bottom electrode is bonded, a third zone to which the top electrode or the bottom electrode is bonded, and a fifth zone arranged on a side surface of the stacked device, wherein the top surface, the bottom surface, and at least two side surfaces of the stacked device are covered with the wiring board.

Abstract: A focus detection device, comprising an image sensor, and that performs focus detection by calculating evaluation values representing contrast based on an image signal, while executing a scan operation of the image sensor, comprising a positional change detection circuit for detecting positional change of the focus detection device, and a processor having a running time setting section and a control section, wherein the running time setting section sets running time to restrict focus movement range of the scan operation based on the positional change, and the control section performs focus detection by restricting focus movement rage of the scan operation based on the running time.

Abstract: An endoscope apparatus includes: an endoscope including a first operation portion that is coupled to a first insertion portion to be inserted into a subject; a medical device including a second operation portion that is coupled to a second insertion portion to be inserted into the subject through the first insertion portion, the second operation portion including at least one locking member; and a belt-like body having flexibility and including at least three end portions in which at least one end portion includes a locked portion to be locked to the locking portion, the belt-like body being configured to be wound around the endoscope to hold and fix the second operation portion of the medical device in a state where the at least three end portions are connected to the second operation portion.

Abstract: A distal end portion of an endoscope includes: a flexible printed circuit board on which a light-receiving unit mounting section, a first extending section, a light-emitting unit mounting section, and a second extending section are formed continuously; a stand on which the light-receiving unit mounting section is disposed in contact with the stand; a protruding portion including an inner wall surface, a protruding end surface, and an outer wall surface, in which the first extending section is disposed in contact with the inner wall surface, the light-emitting unit mounting section is disposed in contact with the protruding end surface, and the second extending section is disposed in contact with the outer wall surface; and a distal end cover that covers the stand and the protruding portion, with the second extending section being sandwiched between the distal end cover and the protruding portion.