Abstract: A depressed beam collector and an RF source comprising a depressed beam collector. The RF source may include, e.g., a multi-beam klystron, a single beam klystron, or other RF sources having an electron gun. The beam collector collects spent electrons from the electron gun and comprises a grounded portion configured to collect a portion of electrons entering the collector and a biased portion configured to collect another portion of the electrons entering the collector and having a depressed energy.

Abstract: A low-voltage, multi-beam radio frequency source that operates at a voltage less than or equal to approximately 20-40 kV and that generates at least 600 kW at a pulse width of approximately 5-30 ms. The RF source includes an electron gun having a cathode configured to generate a plurality of beamlets. An input cavity and output cavity are common to the plurality of beamlets. A plurality of gain cavities are provided between the input and output cavities, each having a plurality of openings corresponding to the plurality of beamlets. The cathode may include 10-20 beamlet cathodes formed in a ring, each being configured to generate a single beamlet and each having beamlet optics independent of each other. A beam collector having a plurality of openings corresponding to each of the beamlets may be provided within the output section, where the openings have no RF coupling to each other.

Abstract: A low-voltage, multi-beam, multi-MW RF source that operates at a voltage less than or equal to approximately 60 kV and generates at least one MW. The RF source includes a cathode configured to generate a plurality of beamlets. An input cavity and output cavity are common to the plurality of beamlets. A plurality of gain cavities are provided between the input and output cavities, each having a plurality of openings corresponding to the plurality of beamlets. The power source may further include a plurality of cathodes, each cathode generating a plurality of beamlets, wherein the input and output cavities are common to the plurality of beamlets from each of the plurality of cathodes, and a separate set of gain cavities are provided for each cathode. A single cathode version generates approximately 2.5 MW, and a four cathode version having four independent cavity systems and a common magnetic system generates approximately 10 MW.

Abstract: A low-voltage, multi-beam radio frequency source that operates at a voltage less than or equal to approximately 20-40 kV and that generates at least 600 kW at a pulse width of approximately 5-30 ms. The RF source includes an electron gun having a cathode configured to generate a plurality of beamlets. An input cavity and output cavity are common to the plurality of beamlets. A plurality of gain cavities are provided between the input and output cavities, each having a plurality of openings corresponding to the plurality of beamlets. The cathode may include 10-20 beamlet cathodes formed in a ring, each being configured to generate a single beamlet and each having beamlet optics independent of each other. A beam collector having a plurality of openings corresponding to each of the beamlets may be provided within the output section, where the openings have no RF coupling to each other.

Abstract: A two-beam accelerator device including a drive beam source and an accelerated beam source for providing a drive beam and accelerated beam, a detuned resonant cavity disposed in the path of the drive beam and the accelerated beam, and a two-beam focusing device and method of use thereof. The detuned resonant cavity may be rectangular, square, axisymmetrical, and/or cylindrical. The focusing device may include a modified quadrupole magnet having four magnets, a central opening, a channel in the central opening, an opening in one of the four magnets, the opening having a non-magnetic channel lined with a magnetic material.

Abstract: A low-voltage, multi-beam, multi-MW RF source that operates at a voltage less than or equal to approximately 60 kV and generates at least one MW. The RF source includes a cathode configured to generate a plurality of beamlets. An input cavity and output cavity are common to the plurality of beamlets. A plurality of gain cavities are provided between the input and output cavities, each having a plurality of openings corresponding to the plurality of beamlets. The power source may further include a plurality of cathodes, each cathode generating a plurality of beamlets, wherein the input and output cavities are common to the plurality of beamlets from each of the plurality of cathodes, and a separate set of gain cavities are provided for each cathode. A single cathode version generates approximately 2.5 MW, and a four cathode version having four independent cavity systems and a common magnetic system generates approximately 10 MW.

Abstract: A method and systems for fast ferroelectric tuning of RF power used in a particle accelerating system. By adjusting the voltages fed to the ferroelectric phase shift controller, the amplitude and phase of the RF power wave are altered, thus changing the coupling of the power generating circuit and the superconducting cavity. By altering this coupling rapidly, maximum power transfer efficiency can be achieved, which is important given the large amounts of power shunted through the particle accelerating system. In one embodiment, the ferroelectric tuner is optimally made of a magic-T waveguide circuit element and two phase shifters, although other implementations of the system may be utilized.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and systems for fast ferroelectric tuning of RF power used in a particle accelerating system. By adjusting the voltages fed to the ferroelectric phase shift controller, the amplitude and phase of the RF power wave are altered, thus changing the coupling of the power generating circuit and the superconducting cavity. By altering this coupling rapidly, maximum power transfer efficiency can be achieved, which is important given the large amounts of power shunted through the particle accelerating system. In one embodiment, the ferroelectric tuner is optimally made of a magic-T waveguide circuit element and two phase shifters, although other implementations of the system may be utilized. Alternative phase shifters are shown.

Abstract: A two-beam accelerator device including a drive beam source and an accelerated beam source for providing a drive beam and accelerated beam, a detuned resonant cavity disposed in the path of the drive beam and the accelerated beam, and a two-beam focusing device and method of use thereof. The detuned resonant cavity may be rectangular, square, axisymmetrical, and/or cylindrical. The focusing device may include a modified quadrupole magnet having four magnets, a central opening, a channel in the central opening, an opening in one of the four magnets, the opening having a non-magnetic channel lined with a magnetic material.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and apparatus for centrifugally separating substances of different atomic weights. The substances to be separated are positioned in an evacuated vessel which has a longitudinal axis. A magnetic field is generated in the vessel parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vessel and a target comprised of the substances to be separated is positioned within the vessel at one end thereof. A collector is positioned at the other end of the vessel. Pulsed laser energy is focused on the substances to be separated thereby fully ionizing at least a portion of the substances and forming a plasma therefrom. Immediately following the focusing of the laser energy, a current is passed through the substances to be separated which causes further full ionization of the substances and thereby the formation of additional plasma. The ionized plasma is rotated and moved from the substances which are to be separated to a collector by the application of the magnetic field.