Abstract: A solid oxide cell device is provided which uses hydrocarbon fuel gas and oxygen to remove carbon dioxide from a gas stream, converting it to syngas (carbon monoxide and hydrogen), preferably without any input of external energy beyond that derived from the input gases. Existing processes can then be used to convert the syngas to stable liquid or solid organic chemicals, so that all the input carbon is fixed. Partial oxidation of hydrocarbon fuel gas in a solid oxide fuel cell produces syngas and electricity, and the electricity powers a solid oxide electrolyser which reacts carbon dioxide with further hydrocarbon fuel gas to produce more syngas. The fuel cell and electrolyser together can achieve self-sustaining carbon dioxide utilization.

Abstract: A chemical reactor includes one or more solid oxide fuel cells, each cell having an electrolyte layer joining a cathode and an anode, the one or more fuel cell cathodes being located in a first gas zone of the reactor, and the one or more fuel cell anodes being located in a second gas zone of the reactor. The chemical reactor further includes a first gas supply route for supplying a flow of oxidant to the first gas zone. The chemical reactor further includes a second gas supply route for supplying a flow of reactant to the second gas zone. The chemical reactor further includes a gas removal route for removing a flow of reaction products away from the second gas zone.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell including an electrode having a porous region bounded by a non-porous region. The electrode may include at least 51% titanium by weight. The electrode may be a structural member which supports one or more ceramic layers, at least one of the one or more ceramic layers being an electrolyte. The non-porous region creates a gas-tight seal which prevents direct combination of oxidant and fuel. The electrode may include at least one of: (i) other metals or metal salts, (ii) catalysts, and (iii) ceramic material within its pores for improved electrochemical efficiency.

Abstract: A solid state fuel cell comprising a non-polymeric electrolyte, the fuel cell comprising a member having a porous region, the member comprising metallic titanium or an alloy thereof. Preferably, the fuel cell is a solid oxide fuel cell or a protonic ceramic fuel cell. The porous region may be bounded by a non-porous region. The titanium-containing member may be coated with layers of ceramic materials.