Abstract: A system and method for setting up a telephone call over a communication path having at least one wireless communication link comprises a universal radio converter (URC) connected to a standard non-wireless device by way of a standard analog interface over which DTMF tone signals are transmitted. Upon receiving the first tone signal, the URC establishes a wireless communication link with a base station. After the communication link is established, the URC transmits to the base station the dialed numbers as they are received from the standard non-wireless device. The base station performs digit analysis as the dialed numbers are received according to a local call numbering format, and sends a call setup request message to the network. A preferred URC is equipped with means to detect an emergency call request, such as a "911" call, upon which the URC establishes a wireless communication link over an emergency call channel.

Abstract: A technique for modulating and demodulating CPM spread spectrum signals and variations of CPM spread spectrum signals. A transmitter divides a signal data stream into a plurality of data streams (such as I and Q data streams), independently modulates the I and Q data streams using CPM or a related technique, and superposes the plurality of resultants for transmission. A receiver receives the superposed spread spectrum signal and simultaneously attempts to correlate for a plurality of chip sequences (such as I and Q chip sequences), and interleaves the correlated I and Q data streams into a unified signal data stream. In one embodiment, the receiver separates the received spread spectrum signal into real and imaginary parts, attempts to correlate both real and imaginary parts for a plurality of chip sequences, and combines the real I, real Q, imaginary I, and imaginary Q signals into a unified signal data stream.

Abstract: A receiver system for antenna diversity employing a single backhaul cable. A single backhaul cable couples a receiver to a plurality of antennas. The signals from the antennas are combined onto the single backhaul cable using frequency offsets, spread spectrum code division, time division, or a combination thereof. At the receiver, the signals from the antennas are decoupled. In the case of frequency offsets, the antenna signals are decoupled by splitting the backhaul signal into a plurality of duplicate signals, frequency shifting selected ones of the duplicate signals, and correlating said frequency shifted signals. In the case of spread spectrum code division, the antenna signals are decoupled by splitting the backhaul signal into a plurality of duplicate signals and demultiplexing each of the duplicate signals with a different spread spectrum code. One or more antennas may be selected for communication in response decoupling the antenna signals.

Abstract: A technique for modulating and demodulating continuous phase modulation (CPM) spread spectrum signals and variations thereof. A transmitter encodes M data bits using a selected spread spectrum code, divides the spread spectrum code into a plurality of chip codes (such as even chips and odd chips), independently modulates the even and odd chips with orthogonal carrier signals using CPM or a related technique, and superposes the plurality of resultants for transmission. A receiver receives the superposed spread spectrum signal, divides the spread spectrum signal into duplicate signals, separately demodulates the duplicate signals into an odd chip signal and an even chip signal, simultaneously attempts to correlate the odd chip signal with a locally generated odd chip sequence and the even chip signal with a locally generated even chip sequence, and interleaves the correlation signals into a unified correlation signal.

Abstract: A wireless communication system including a repeated pattern of cells, in which base station transmitters and user station transmitters for each cell may be assigned a spread-spectrum code for modulating radio signal communication in that cell. Radio signals used in that cell are spread across a bandwidth sufficiently wide that both base station receivers and user station receivers in an adjacent cell may distinguish communication which originates in one cell from another. Adjacent cells may use distinguishable frequencies and distinguishable codes, but it is sufficient if adjacent cells use distinguishable frequencies and identical codes. A repeated pattern of cells allows the codes each to be reused in a plurality of cells.

Abstract: A technique for modulating and demodulating CPM spread spectrum signals and variations of CPM spread spectrum signals. A transmitter divides a signal data stream into a plurality of data streams (such as I and Q data streams), independently modulates the I and Q data streams using CPM or a related technique, and superposes the plurality of resultants for transmission. A receiver receives the superposed spread spectrum signal and simultaneously attempts to correlate for a plurality of chip sequences (such as I and Q chip sequences), and interleaves the correlated I and Q data streams into a unified signal data stream. In one embodiment, the receiver separates the received spread spectrum signal into real and imaginary parts, attempts to correlate both real and imaginary parts for a plurality of chip sequences, and combines the real I, real Q, imaginary I, and imaginary Q signals into a unified signal data stream.

Abstract: A transceiver uses feedback control to monitor a transmitted continuous phase modulation (CPM) waveform, such as a spread spectrum CPM waveform, and adjust the modulation index in response thereto. Codewords are selected from a table according to a data signal and applied to a pulse shaping network. The pulse shaping network outputs a CPM waveform to a prefilter. The prefilter is connected to an FM modulator, such as a voltage controlled oscillator. In one embodiment, a correlator in the transceiver monitors the transmitted waveform during times when the transceiver is not receiving signals, and provides a correlation signal to a feedback control circuit. The feedback control circuit dynamically adjusts the gain of the prefilter, and may comprise, e.g., a second order tracking loop filter. The feedback control signal thereby tracks the amplitude of the transmitted waveform and adjusts the output gain of the prefilter so as to maintain a constant signal envelope.

Abstract: A computer program for a base station in a wireless communication system to communicate on the system. The communication protocol embodied in the computer program enables the base station to help users of the communication system to acquire a channel on the base station, for communications with the base station. The communication protocol embodied in the computer program also enables the base station to register a user on the system. The communication protocol embodied in the computer program also enables the base station to page a user, and then establish a call link on the system for the user, for a call to the user. The communication protocol embodied in the computer program enables the base station to establish a call link on the system for a call initiated by the user. The communication protocol embodied in the computer program also allows the base station to accept a handover of an established call link on the communication system, from another base station in the system.

Abstract: A simple and flexible over-air protocol for use with a mobile telephone system, having hand-held telephones in a micro cell or other type of cellular communication system. A method in which user stations communicate with one or more base stations to place and receive telephone calls, in which the user stations are provided a secure voice or data link and have the ability to handoff calls between base stations while such calls are in progress. Each base station has a set of "air channels" to which it transmits in sequence. The air channels supported by each base station are called that base station's "polling loop". A user station receives general polling information on an unoccupied air channel, transmits responsive information to the base station, and awaits acknowledgment from the base station. Each base station may therefore simultaneously maintain communication with as many user stations as there are air channels in its polling loop.

Abstract: A technique for spread-spectrum communication which uses more than one mode and more than one frequency band. Selectable modes include narrowband mode and spread-spectrum mode, or cellular mode and microcellular mode. Selectable frequency bands include both licensed and unlicensed frequency bands, particularly frequency bands including the 902-928 MHz, 1850-1990 MHz, and 2.4-2.4835 GHz frequency bands. Spread-spectrum communication channels are 10 MHz or less in width. The frequency band onto which spread-spectrum signals are encoded may be changed upon a change in environment or other control trigger, such as establishment or de-establishment of communication with a private access network.

Abstract: A system for efficient time division duplex communication between a base station and a plurality of user stations over a single frequency band whereby guard time overhead is reduced through use of an interleaved frame structure and active adjustment of reverse link transmission timing as a function of round trip propagation time. A time frame is divided into a plurality of time slots. The base station transmits a forward link message to a first user station in a first time slot. The user station responds with a reverse link message in the following time slot. In the meantime, the base station receives a reverse link message from a second user station in the first time slot, and sends out another forward link message to a third base station in the first portion of the first time slot. The delay between transmitting the forward and reverse link messages to a particular user station allows for round trip propagation of the forward and reverse link messages.

Abstract: A technique for spread-spectrum communication which uses more than one mode and more than one frequency band. Selectable modes include narrowband mode and spread-spectrum mode, or cellular mode and microcellular mode. Selectable frequency bands include both licensed and unlicensed frequency bands, particularly frequency bands including the 902-928 MHz, 1850-1990 MHz, and 2.4-2.4835 GHz frequency bands. Spread-spectrum communication channels are 10 MHz or less in width. The frequency band onto which spread-spectrum signals are encoded may be changed upon a change in environment or other control trigger, such as establishment or de-establishment of communication with a private access network. A multi-band transmitter comprises a single frequency synthesizer and a frequency source (e.g., a local oscillator), coupled to a selectable band pass filter.

Abstract: A spread spectrum transmitter for generating a plurality of spread spectrum codes comprises a shift register having a plurality of stages, with a plurality of tap sets connected to selected ones of said stages. Each tap set defines a different spread spectrum code, which may be maximal or non-maximal. Outputs from the tap sets are combined using exclusive-OR gates and fed back to through a table of logic gates to the input of the shift register. A serial data register is loaded from a data stream and clocked periodically into a parallel data register. The parallel data register corresponds to a data symbol and is connected to the table, whereby one of the spread spectrum codes at a time is selected. A code portion of the spread spectrum code up to a designated length is generated for each data symbol. More than one code portion may be simultaneously sent using offset quadrature phase shift keying.

Abstract: A technique for spread-spectrum communication which uses more than one mode and more than one frequency band. Selectable modes include narrowband mode and spread-spectrum mode, or cellular mode and microcellular mode. Selectable frequency bands include both licensed and unlicensed frequency bands, particularly frequency bands including the 902-928 MHz, 1850-1990 MHz, and 2.4-2.4835 GHz frequency bands. Spread-spectrum communication channels are 10 MHz or less in width. The frequency band onto which spread-spectrum signals are encoded may be changed upon a change in environment or other control trigger, such as establishment or de-establishment of communication with a private access network. A multi-band transmitter comprises a single frequency synthesizer and a frequency source (e.g., a local oscillator), coupled to a selectable band pass filter.

Abstract: A simple and flexible over-air protocol for use with a mobile telephone system, having hand-held telephones in a microcell or other type of cellular communication system. A method in which user stations communicate with one or more base stations to place and receive telephone calls, in which the user stations are provided a secure voice or data link and have the ability to handoff calls between base stations while such calls are in progress. Each base station has a set of "air channels" to which it transmits in sequence. The air channels supported by each base station are called that base station's "polling loop". A user station receives general polling information on an unoccupied air channel, transmits responsive information to the base station, and awaits acknowledgment from the base station. Each base station may therefore simultaneously maintain communication with as many user stations as there are air channels in its polling loop.

Abstract: A technique is provided using a SAW device for correlating to a plurality of different chip code sequences, such as M different chip code sequences, using fewer than M individual SAW correlators. A received signal is provided to a SAW correlator capable of recognizing a plurality of different chip code sequences. The SAW correlator is pre-programmed so as to recognize each different chip code sequence at a different frequency. The received signal is given a programmably selected frequency offset from the center frequency of the received signal (or a downconverted version thereof) and applied to the SAW correlator. The SAW correlator correlates for the particular chip code sequence at the offset frequency. The output of the SAW correlator is given an opposite frequency offset and filtered with a bandpass filter to generate a correlator output at the designated center frequency.

Abstract: In a communication network, a synchronized over-the-air (OTA) time slot of a base station's polling loop is acquired by a remote station seeking to initiate contact with that base station, such that periodic voice frames may thereafter be transmitted at known intervals between respective radio interfaces of the remote and base stations. A vocoder in the respective remote station is then synchronized to the established remote station OTA slot timing and a vocoder associated with the respective base station is separately synchronized to the established base station OTA slot timing, wherein each respective vocoder transmits and receives voice frames across full-duplex serial interface to and from its radio interface including a locally generated synchronization ("sync") pattern appended in front of a selected number of coded (i.e., compressed) bearer information and control bytes.

Abstract: Improved antennas and antenna systems for use in cellular and other wireless communications systems. A folded mono-bow antenna element is provided which has a substantially omnidirectional radiation pattern in a horizontal plane and shows variation in gain in an elevation plane depending upon the size of an associated ground plane. The folded mono-bow antenna element comprises a main bowtie radiating element and parasitic element wherein the main bowtie radiating element and parasitic element are separated by a dielectric material having a dielectric constant preferably less than 4.5 and, in some cases, less than or equal to 3.3. Various antenna arrays and methods of making the same are also provided.

Abstract: Improved antennas and antenna systems for use in cellular and other wireless communications systems. A folded mono-bow antenna element is provided which has a substantially omnidirectional radiation pattern in a horizontal plane and shows variation in gain in an elevation plane depending upon the size of an associated ground plane. The folded mono-bow antenna element comprises a main bowtie radiating element and parasitic element wherein the main bowtie radiating element and parasitic element are separated by a dielectric material having a dielectric constant preferably less than 4.5 and, in some cases, less than or equal to 3.3. Various antenna arrays and methods of making the same are also provided.

Abstract: A simple and flexible over-air protocol for use with a mobile telephone system, having hand-held telephones in a microcell or other type of cellular communication system. A method in which user stations communicate with one or more base stations to place and receive telephone calls, in which the user stations are provided a secure voice or data link and have the ability to handoff calls between base stations while such calls are in progress. Each base station has a set of "air channels" to which it transmits in sequence. The air channels supported by each base station are called that base station's "polling loop". A user station receives general polling information on an unoccupied air channel, transmits responsive information to the base station, and awaits acknowledgment from the base station. Each base station may therefore simultaneously maintain communication with as many user stations as there are air channels in its polling loop.