Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods for characterizing cancer testis antigen burden (“CTAB”), for predicting cancer survival outcomes using CTAB analysis, and for recommending and/or treating cancer using CTAB analysis. Particularly, aspects are directed to measuring expression of a panel of cancer testis antigen (CTA) gene markers in a tumor sample from a subject, determining a CTAB based on the measured expression of the CTA gene markers, classifying, by comparing to a reference CTAB score from the same cancer or tumor type, the CTAB score as a high-CTAB score or a low-CTAB score, and identifying the subject as responsive to a treatment wherein (i) the high-CTAB score is indicative of responsiveness to the treatment, or (ii) the low-CTAB score is indicative of responsiveness to the treatment.

Abstract: A method for generating an immune score, the method comprising the steps of: (i) determining a qualitative and/or quantitative assessment of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in a sample; (ii) determining a qualitative and/or quantitative assessment of T-cell receptor signaling in the sample; (iii) determining a qualitative and/or quantitative assessment of mutation burden in the sample; (iv) generating, using a predictive algorithm, an immune score based on the determined qualitative and/or quantitative assessment of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, the determined qualitative and/or quantitative assessment of T-cell receptor signaling, and the determined qualitative and/or quantitative assessment of mutation burden.

Abstract: A method for generating an immune score, the method comprising the steps of: (i) determining a qualitative and/or quantitative assessment of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in a sample; (ii) determining a qualitative and/or quantitative assessment of T-cell receptor signaling in the sample; (iii) determining a qualitative and/or quantitative assessment of mutation burden in the sample; (iv) generating, using a predictive algorithm, an immune score based on the determined qualitative and/or quantitative assessment of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, the determined qualitative and/or quantitative assessment of T-cell receptor signaling, and the determined qualitative and/or quantitative assessment of mutation burden.

Abstract: A method for characterizing tumor response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy, comprising: (i) obtaining tissue from the tumor; (ii) measuring, using the tissue, expression of one or more cell proliferation gene markers; (iii) determining, based on the measured expression of the one or more cell proliferation gene markers, a proliferation profile of the tumor; (iv) predicting, based on the determined proliferation profile, response of the tumor to immune checkpoint blockade therapy; and (v) determining, by a physician using the predicted response of the tumor to immune checkpoint blockade therapy, a therapy for the tumor.

Abstract: A method for characterizing response of a tumor to immunotherapy, including: (i) obtaining tissue from the tumor; (ii) generating, from the obtained tissue, an immune gene expression dataset comprising gene expression data for a plurality of immune genes; (iii) calculating, from the immune gene expression dataset, an immunogenic signature score; (iv) identifying, based on the calculated immunogenic signature score, the tumor as strongly immunogenic, moderately immunogenic, or weakly immunogenic; and (v) predicting, based on the identification of the tumor as strongly immunogenic, moderately immunogenic, or weakly immunogenic, the response of the tumor to immunotherapy.

Abstract: A method for characterizing tumor response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy, comprising: (i) obtaining tissue from the tumor; (ii) measuring, using the tissue, expression of one or more cell proliferation gene markers; (iii) determining, based on the measured expression of the one or more cell proliferation gene markers, a proliferation profile of the tumor; (iv) predicting, based on the determined proliferation profile, response of the tumor to immune checkpoint blockade therapy; and (v) determining, by a physician using the predicted response of the tumor to immune checkpoint blockade therapy, a therapy for the tumor.

Abstract: A method for generating an immune score, the method comprising the steps of: (i) determining a qualitative and/or quantitative assessment of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in a sample; (ii) determining a qualitative and/or quantitative assessment of T-cell receptor signaling in the sample; (iii) determining a qualitative and/or quantitative assessment of mutation burden in the sample; (iv) generating, using a predictive algorithm, an immune score based on the determined qualitative and/or quantitative assessment of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, the determined qualitative and/or quantitative assessment of T-cell receptor signaling, and the determined qualitative and/or quantitative assessment of mutation burden.