Abstract: An adaptable replica server system comprising a primary replica being associated with a primary storage for storing information and a primary processing means, and a secondary replica being associated with a secondary storage and a secondary processing means for creating confirmation data upon receiving input data from the primary replica. The replica server system is configurable to work as an asynchronous server replica system and/or as a synchronous server replica system depending on an instruction.

Abstract: Provided is a method in a control circuitry controlling the operations of a central processing unit, CPU. The CPU is associated with a nominal clock frequency. The CPU is further coupled to an I/O range and configured to deliver input to an application. According to the method, the control circuitry controls (110, 150) the CPU to poll the I/O range for input to the application. The control circuitry also monitors (120, 160) whether or not each poll results in input to the application and adjusts (140) a clock frequency at which the CPU operates to a clock frequency lower than the nominal clock frequency if a pre-defined number of polls resulting in no input is detected (130). A control circuitry and a central computer server of an automated exchange system are also provided.

Abstract: Elastic message tracking apparatus and methods are provided that opportunistically improve on the latency of a message processing system and increase the accuracy of a consolidated message stream generated from message streams received from multiple message sources. The elastic message tracking apparatus and methods reduce that latency in situations where the actual latency of all the message streams is lower than a predetermined latency value.

Abstract: Systems and methods are presented that provide a visualization for displaying an order life-cycle for one or more orders. The visualization includes one or more order objects representing orders for financial instruments (e.g., stocks, bonds, securities) and connectivity between the one or more order objects to help show an order history for the order objects. The visualization shows how orders develop over time by allowing a more specific order life-cycle to be emphasized in the visualization. The systems and methods described below allow for direct visibility for the development of orders over time using a unique and interactive visualization.

Abstract: Systems and methods are presented for providing a visualization that is capable for displaying trade activity for one or more client accounts for a broker. The visualization includes one or more trade objects representing trades for one or more financial instruments and connectivity between one or more trade objects to show an event history for a particular trade. The visualization also provides a display for account activity including account withdrawals, deposits, and balance. The systems and method described below allow for automatic and/or manual detection of suspicious activity for a client account by virtue of information provided in the visualization.

Abstract: Data transaction request message information associated with a user, a first limit parameter associated with the user, and a second limit parameter associated with the user are stored in memory. A processing system calculates, at a first time, data transaction requests associated with the user and a transactional rate parameter associated with the user based on a relationship between the data transaction requests associated with the user and the second limit amount parameter. Data transaction request messages received from the user between the first time and a second later time are monitored. The transactional rate parameter is adjusted based on data transaction requests associated with the user received between the first and second times. A transactional limit parameter is calculated using the data transaction requests associated with the user, the transactional rate parameter, and the first limit parameter.

Abstract: In a distributed network, there are different data rates on different connections between a central computer system and remote terminal. The central system comprises one or more supersets of data to be distributed to the remote terminals by extracting subsets of data from the superset/s of data. The subsets of data are distributed to selected groups of remote terminals based on an infrastructure load. In this way, data is adaptively distributed.

Abstract: The invention is suitable for any kind of distributed networks having different data rates on different connections and a centralized computer system wherein the data to distribute is created. The central system comprises one or more supersets of data that is to be distributed to client computers by extracting subsets of data from the superset/s of data. Thereafter the subsets of data are distributed to selected groups of clients based on information about the network architecture. In this way an efficient way of distributing data is executed and no duplicated data is distributed. Preferably the subsets are distributed to clients based on a counter performance or a data rate of a client's connection to the central computer system.

Abstract: Matching orders on an electronic trading system is disclosed. Information is broadcasted regarding the current order status of an order book of the electronic trading system The order status includes a queue of orders. An order is received to trade that selects or indicates an order in the order book having queue number two or higher. If the received order has one or more properties matching the selected order, the received order is matched with the selected order.

Abstract: A derivative trade order at a home marketplace is routed to an away market place having a better price for a counter position to the order where it is executed. The executed order triggers creation of a “balance derivative trade” at the home marketplace to balance at a home clearing house the away trade. The home clearing house uses the balance derivative trade to create derivative positions of the balance derivative trade and informs a balancing clearing entity which manages the balance derivative trade obligations. The balance derivative trade order account permits netting and reduced margin benefits for the trading participant. A dual derivative exercise operation allows balance derivative positions to be performed in one day to reduce overnight risk for the clearing entity.

Abstract: Embodiments of present invention relates to a method of, and device for facilitating, resilient peer-to-peer application message routing. The method comprises storing a network routing table comprising destination addresses of applications hosted on peer nodes of a network, and providing the peer nodes with a copy of the routing table via which routing table an application message from any one of the peer nodes is routed to a destination address designating a destination application hosted by a destination peer node.

Abstract: In an automated exchange, an incoming sell order is allocated to standing buy orders based on the aggregated time the trading participant having standing buy orders have spent on a best-bid-offer (BBO) value. Hereby, it is made possible to improve trading of some financial instruments when it is desired to favor, or reward, order allocation to trading participants that bring liquidity to the market of the financial instrument in question.

Abstract: In automated exchange system, a matching unit is supplemented with a calculation unit and a global memory accessible by both the calculation unit and the matching unit. This computer architecture makes it possible to perform some of the calculations related to the volume and/or prices of the baits needed in the matching to be performed in advance. The matching process uses the values resulting from the pre-calculation when needed, and since no or few calculations are done in the matching unit, the process of matching combination contracts can be performed at a higher rate, thereby significantly improving the performance of the matching process. The provision of one or several calculation units makes it possible to perform very complex calculations since many calculations need not be performed in real time.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for managing messages in a computer system are described. A plurality of order/quote messages is received via an input mechanism, and the order/quote messages are ranked based on the at least one ranking value parameter at a first ranking unit. At least one top ranked order/quote message is sent from the first ranking unit to a matching unit, and the top ranked order/quote messages are matched at the matching unit.

Abstract: Technology is presented that more efficiently calculates a worst case margin requirement for a particular order. The calculated worst case margin requirement is compared to pledged collateral for a particular order to determine if the margin is above the pledged collateral amount. If the calculated worst case margin requirement exceeds the pledged collateral, then the order is not processed (i.e., matched). In determining the worst case margin requirement, several factors may be taken into account including, but not limited to, a scanning risk, an intermonth spread charge, and/or a delivery month spread charge.

Abstract: A monitoring system for monitoring trade at an electronic exchange comprises memories related to a specific time interval. A trade occurring during that time interval or a parameter value related to the trade is recorded to a memory related to the time interval. At a point in time, a recent trade parameter is determined based on the accumulated trade parameter values in the memories. Based on the recent trade parameter and some rules and operators, one or more monitoring actions is executed.

Abstract: In automated exchange system, a matching unit is supplemented with a calculation unit and a global memory accessible by both the calculation unit and the matching unit. This computer architecture makes it possible to perform some of the calculations related to the volume and/or prices of the baits needed in the matching to be performed in advance. The matching process uses the values resulting from the pre-calculation when needed, and since no or few calculations are done in the matching unit, the process of matching combination contracts can be performed at a higher rate, thereby significantly improving the performance of the matching process. The provision of one or several calculation units makes it possible to perform very complex calculations since many calculations need not be performed in real time.

Abstract: A method of processing exchange system trading data is disclosed. In one embodiment, the method comprises receiving an order data message from a matching engine of an automated exchange. The order data message has first data format and it also comprises identification information associated with a trading entity. The received data message is then converted into a new data message of a new data format, which is different from the data format of the received order data message. Also, the trading entity from which the received order data message is originating is identified. Subsequently, the new data message having the new data format can be transmitted to a plurality of client devices associated with the identified trading entity. This may allow for all, or at least a majority of client devices, of the identified trading entity to get an overview of the total order activity of the identified trading entity.

Abstract: In automated exchange system, a single matching unit is supplemented with a calculation unit and a global memory accessible by both the calculation unit and the matching unit. Such a computer architecture will make it possible to perform some of the calculations related to the volume and/or prices of the baits needed in the matching to be performed in advance. The matching process is able to use the values resulting from the pre-calculation when needed, and since no or few calculations are done in one of the most critical parts of the system, i.e. the matching unit, the process of matching combination contracts can be performed at a much higher rate. Hereby the performance of the matching process will be significantly increased. The provision of one or several calculation units will make it possible to perform even very complex calculations can be performed since most calculations need not be performed in real time.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a computer system, computerized method and computer program product for calculating margin requirements in a more efficient way. In particular it relates to margin calculations for being used by clearing house in order to optimize calculation of margin requirements.