Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus for electromagnetically affecting a particle of interest in a specimen. The apparatus includes (a) a stage capable of supporting the specimen; (b) a detector including at least one camera, wherein the detector is capable of resolving a particle of interest within the specimen; (c) a means for locating the particle of interest in three dimensions; (d) a means for focusing electromagnetic radiation to a focal volume within the specimen; and (e) a means for adjusting the relative positions of the stage and electromagnetic radiation focusing means, thereby positioning the particle of interest within the focal volume.

Abstract: Optoinjection method for transiently permeabilizing a target cell by (a) illuminating a population of cells contained in a frame; (b) detecting at least one property of light directed from the frame; (c) locating a target cell by the property of light; and (d) irradiating the target cell with a pulse of radiation.

Abstract: Optoinjection method for transiently permeabilizing a target cell by (a) illuminating a population of cells contained in a frame; (b) detecting at least one property of light directed from the frame; (c) locating a target cell by the property of light; and (d) irradiating the target cell with a pulse of radiation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for selectively identifying, and targeting with an energy beam, specific cells within a mixed cell population, for the purpose of inducing a response in the targeted cells. Two or more fluorescent labels can be attached to the targeted cells, and distinguished from one another by a color camera. By use of this system, one can monitor and affect cells having a desired phenotype. For example, targeted cells can not only be inactivated by an energy beam, but can also be monitored through fluorescent labeling for changes in cell morphology, ion transport or other cellular functions.

Abstract: This invention provides a method and apparatus for selectively identifying, and targeting with an energy beam, specific cells within a mixed cell population, for the purpose of inducing a response in the targeted cells. Using the present invention, every detectable cell in a population can be identified and affected, without substantially affecting non-targeted cells within the mixture.