Abstract: Novel and advantageous portable pitching lanes for softball are disclosed. In one embodiment, a pitching lane for softball is disclosed comprising a foundation layer, a surface layer, and a pitching rubber. The portable pitching lane is movable from place to place when not in use, but does not move when in use.

Abstract: Novel and advantageous portable pitching lanes for softball are disclosed. In one embodiment, a pitching lane for softball is disclosed comprising a foundation layer, a surface layer, and a pitching rubber. The portable pitching lane is movable from place to place when not in use, but does not move when in use.

Abstract: The present invention provides a directory server system comprising: a directory server for storing an attribute of an entry; an entity monitor being connected to the directory server for monitoring an entity, so that if a change in a state of the entity appears, then the entity monitor instructs the directory server to renew an attribute of a corresponding entry to the entity; and a directory renewal history storage device being connected to the directory server for storing a renewed attribute of the entry as attribute renewal history informations.