Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of the general formula (I), their salts and N-oxides, and solvates and prodrugs thereof (wherein the substituents are as defined in the description). The compounds of the general formula (I) are inhibitors of factor XIa, and are useful in the prevention of and/or therapy for thromboembolic diseases.

Abstract: To provide a biomarker which is a metabolite included in a biological sample, and which can be collected in a noninvasive method and detected in a convenient analysis method, and which varies according to progression of pathological conditions of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Furthermore, such biomarkers are useful for determination of the presence or absence of morbidity of IBS, determination of severity of IBS, determination of types of IBS, determination of necessity of treatment of IBS, and confirmation of drug efficacy of an IBS therapeutic agent.

Abstract: Compositions for cancer or infection treatment via immunopotentiation caused by inhibition of immunosuppressive signal induced by PD-1, PD-L1, or PD-L2 and therapies using them, immunopotentiative substrates included as the active ingredient, screening methods of the substrates for cancer or infection treatment, cell lines used for the screening methods, evaluation methods that selects the substrates for cancer treatment, and carcinoma cell transplanted mammals used for the evaluation methods. The compositions of the present invention that inhibits the function of PD-1, PD-L1, or PD-L2 are useful for cancer or infection treatment.

Abstract: An agent for preventing or treating a functional brain disease and/or inhibiting symptom development of the functional brain disease includes (2R)-2-propyloctanoic acid or a salt thereof. The agent may be safely administered to patients of, for example, functional brain diseases such as depression, menopausal mood disorder, perimenopausal mood disorder, panic disorder, irritable bowel syndrome, social anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder or the like, and also can show excellent effects.

Abstract: A compound represented by general formula (I) has a strong Axl inhibitory activity by introducing a distinctive bicyclic structure in which a saturated carbon ring is fused to a pyridone ring, and can be a therapeutic agent for Axl-related diseases, for example, cancer such as acute myeloid leukemia, melanoma, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, and glioma, kidney diseases, immune system diseases, and circulatory system diseases.

Abstract: The present invention provides a drug containing a compound having Trk-inhibiting activity as an active ingredient in prophylaxis and/or therapy for Trk-related diseases such as pain, pruritus, lower urinary tract dysfunction, asthma, allergic rhinitis, inflammatory bowel disease or Chagas disease. A compound represented by the general formula (I), wherein all symbols represent the same meanings as described in the specification, a salt thereof, an N-oxide thereof, a solvate thereof or a prodrug thereof is useful as a drug component having Trk-inhibiting activity in prophylaxis and/or therapy of diseases such as pain, pruritus, lower urinary tract dysfunction, asthma, allergic rhinitis, inflammatory bowel disease or Chagas disease.

Abstract: A compound represented by general formula (I) wherein all symbols are as defined in the specification, a salt or N-oxide of the compound, or a solvate or prodrug of the compound or the salt or N-oxide has a selective EP2 agonist activity and is highly safe, and is therefore useful as a drug, especially as a therapeutic agent for EP2 receptor-related diseases including immune diseases, allergic diseases, neuronal death, dysmenorrhea, premature birth, miscarriage, baldness, ocular diseases, erectile dysfunction, arthritis, lung injury, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary emphysema, bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bone diseases, cartilage injury and others.

Abstract: [Problem to be solved] Provision of an agent for preventing or treating a functional brain disease and/or inhibiting symptom development of the same. [Means for solving the problems] An agent for preventing or treating a functional brain disease and/or inhibiting symptom development of the same, which comprises (2R)-2-propyloctanoic acid or a salt thereof. The agent for preventing or treating a functional brain disease and/or inhibiting symptom development of the same, which comprises (2R)-2-propyloctanoic acid or a salt thereof, can be safely administered to patients of, for example, functional brain diseases such as depression, menopausal mood disorder, perimenopausal mood disorder, panic disorder, irritable bowel syndrome, social anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder or the like, and also can show excellent effects.

Abstract: The present invention provides a drug containing a compound having Trk-inhibiting activity as an active ingredient in prophylaxis and/or therapy for Trk-related diseases such as pain, pruritus, lower urinary tract dysfunction, asthma, allergic rhinitis, inflammatory bowel disease or Chagas disease. A compound represented by the general formula (I), wherein all symbols represent the same meanings as described in the specification, a salt thereof, an N-oxide thereof, a solvate thereof or a prodrug thereof is useful as a drug component having Trk-inhibiting activity in prophylaxis and/or therapy of diseases such as pain, pruritus, lower urinary tract dysfunction, asthma, allergic rhinitis, inflammatory bowel disease or Chagas disease.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds represented by formula (I), pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, N-oxides thereof, solvates thereof or prodrugs thereof (wherein the characters are as defined in the description). The compounds represented by formula (I) have affinity and selectivity for the gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor subunit alpha 5 (GABAA ?5) and act as GABAA ?5 negative allosteric modulators (GABAA ?5 NAM), so that they are useful in the prevention and/or treatment of diseases which are related to the GABAA ?5 such as Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: The present invention provides isolated monoclonal antibodies, particularly human monoclonal antibodies, that specifically bind to PD-1 with high affinity. Nucleic acid molecules encoding the antibodies of the invention, expression vectors, host cells and methods for expressing the antibodies of the invention are also provided. Immunoconjugates, bispecific molecules and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the antibodies of the invention are also provided. The invention also provides methods for detecting PD-1, as well as methods for treating various diseases, including cancer and infectious diseases, using anti-PD-1 antibodies. The present invention further provides methods for using a combination immunotherapy, such as the combination of anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 antibodies, to treat hyperproliferative disease, such as cancer. The invention also provides methods for altering adverse events related to treatment with such antibodies individually.

Abstract: The present invention provides isolated monoclonal antibodies, particularly human monoclonal antibodies, that specifically bind to PD-1 with high affinity. Nucleic acid molecules encoding the antibodies of the invention, expression vectors, host cells and methods for expressing the antibodies of the invention are also provided. Immunoconjugates, bispecific molecules and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the antibodies of the invention are also provided. The invention also provides methods for detecting PD-1, as well as methods for treating various diseases, including cancer and infectious diseases, using anti-PD-1 antibodies. The present invention further provides methods for using a combination immunotherapy, such as the combination of anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 antibodies, to treat hyperproliferative disease, such as cancer. The invention also provides methods for altering adverse events related to treatment with such antibodies individually.

Abstract: To provide a medicament which shows more remarkable effect in treatment of activated B-cell like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC-CLBCL) than the existing Btk inhibitor, and is excellent in safety. The present compound exhibits more remarkable effect in treatment of activated B-cell like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL) patients, inter alia, ABC-DLBCL patients having CD79B wild-type gene background than the existing Btk inhibitor, and therefore, it can attain the object of the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides a somatostatin receptor subtype 2 agonist. A disclosed compound represented by the general formula (I): wherein all symbols have the same definitions as described in the specification; a salt thereof, an N-oxide thereof or a solvate thereof, or a prodrug of the foregoing is a low-molecular compound having strong somatostatin receptor subtype 2 agonistic activity, and thus can be administered in a simple manner, has high stability and has low toxicity. Therefore, the present compound is useful for prophylaxis and/or therapy of somatostatin-related diseases such as acromegaly and gastrointestinal obstruction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a drug containing a compound having Trk-inhibiting activity as an active ingredient in prophylaxis and/or therapy for Trk-related diseases such as pain, pruritus, lower urinary tract dysfunction, asthma, allergic rhinitis, inflammatory bowel disease or Chagas disease. A compound represented by the general formula (I), wherein all symbols represent the same meanings as described in the specification, a salt thereof, an N-oxide thereof, a solvate thereof or a prodrug thereof is useful as a drug component having Trk-inhibiting activity in prophylaxis and/or therapy of diseases such as pain, pruritus, lower urinary tract dysfunction, asthma, allergic rhinitis, inflammatory bowel disease or Chagas disease.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of the general formula (I), their salts and N-oxides, and solvates and prodrugs thereof (wherein the substituents are as defined in the description). The compounds of the general formula (I) are inhibitors of factor XIa, and are useful in the prevention of and/or therapy for thromboembolic diseases.

Abstract: Since a compound represented by the general formula (I) (wherein definition of each group is as described in the specification), a salt thereof, a solvate thereof, or a prodrug thereof has strong and sustaining intraocular pressure lowering activity and, further, has no side effect on eyes such as ocular stimulating property (hyperemia, corneal clouding etc.), aqueous humor protein rise etc., it has high safety, and can be an excellent agent for preventing and/or treating glaucoma etc.

Abstract: The present invention provides a drug containing a compound having Trk-inhibiting activity as an active ingredient in prophylaxis and/or therapy for Trk-related diseases such as pain, pruritus, lower urinary tract dysfunction, asthma, allergic rhinitis, inflammatory bowel disease or Chagas disease. A compound represented by the general formula (I), wherein all symbols represent the same meanings as described in the specification, a salt thereof, an N-oxide thereof, a solvate thereof or a prodrug thereof is useful as a drug component having Trk-inhibiting activity in prophylaxis and/or therapy of diseases such as pain, pruritus, lower urinary tract dysfunction, asthma, allergic rhinitis, inflammatory bowel disease or Chagas disease.

Abstract: The purinone derivative 6-amino-9-[(3R)-1-(2-butynoyl)-3-pyrrolidinyl]-7-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-7,9-dihydro-8H-purin-8-one hydrochloride has Btk-selective inhibitory activity and, in addition to having excellent metabolic stability, it is a compound that exhibits a high level of solubility and absorption with respect to the free base and can be crystallized, hence it can serve as a therapeutic agent for diseases involving B cells and mast cells.

Abstract: A compound represented by the general formula (1) has a pyridone ring structure introduced into a pyrrolo pyrimidine skeleton, so that the compound has a strong Axl inhibitory activity. Consequently, the compound can be used as a therapeutic agent for Axl-related diseases including cancers such as acute myeloid leukemia, melanoma, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, and glioma, kidney diseases, immune system diseases, and circulatory system diseases.