Abstract: Methods and materials for treating and preventing autoimmune diseases, in particular, multiple sclerosis (MS) including small peptides are capable of interacting with CD40, thereby altering and/or modulating the ability of CD40 to interact with CD154, which apparently affects inflammation; and/or the use of such peptides in reducing the inflammatory response, and in particular, the autoimmune inflammatory response; and/or the use of such short peptides to prevent or reverse autoimmune disease, and particularly, multiple sclerosis, in individuals; and/or methods and materials for detecting T-cells that express CD40 (Th40 cells). Also provided are kits for reducing inflammation, treating autoimmune diseases, or detecting Th40 cells. Additionally, methods and apparatuses to administer the peptide are provided.

Abstract: Bioactive peptides and methods for their use for preventing, treating, and/or reducing the incidence and/or symptoms of an autoimmune disease or disorder that may result from chronic inflammation, damage to ?-cells of the pancreas, and other conditions that are implicated by the CD40-CD154 dyad. In particular, small peptides that are capable of interacting with CD40, thereby interfering with the ability of CD40 to interact with CD154, which impacts inflammation, autoimmunity, and disease progression. The use of such peptides in reducing diabetes mellitus, and in particular, the autoimmune inflammatory response that may be a driving factor thereof. Methods and materials for preventing and modulating diabetes mellitus and autoimmune diseases especially in dogs, cats, and horses.

Abstract: Bioactive peptides and methods for their use for preventing, treating, and/or reducing the incidence and/or symptoms of an autoimmune disease or disorder that may result from chronic inflammation, damage to ?-cells of the pancreas, and other conditions that are implicated by the CD40-CD154 dyad. In particular, small peptides that are capable of interacting with CD40, thereby interfering with the ability of CD40 to interact with CD154, which impacts inflammation, autoimmunity, and disease progression. The use of such peptides in reducing diabetes mellitus, and in particular, the autoimmune inflammatory response that may be a driving factor thereof. Methods and materials for preventing and modulating diabetes mellitus and autoimmune diseases especially in dogs, cats, and horses.

Abstract: Methods and cellular markers useful for methods of diagnosing autoimmune disease, including type 1 diabetes (T1D) and disease progression in T1D patients, as well as identifying treatments for and monitoring treatment of patients with T1D. Methods of treating patients having T1D.

Abstract: Methods and materials for treating and preventing autoimmune diseases, in particular, multiple sclerosis (MS) including small peptides are capable of interacting with CD40, thereby altering and/or modulating the ability of CD40 to interact with CD154, which apparently affects inflammation; and/or the use of such peptides in reducing the inflammatory response, and in particular, the autoimmune inflammatory response; and/or the use of such short peptides to prevent or reverse autoimmune disease, and particularly, multiple sclerosis, in individuals; and/or methods and materials for detecting T-cells that express CD40 (Th40 cells). Also provided are kits for reducing inflammation, treating autoimmune diseases, or detecting Th40 cells. Additionally, methods and apparatuses to administer the peptide are provided.

Abstract: Methods and materials for preventing and modulating atherosclerosis. In particular, small peptides that are capable of interacting with CD40, thereby interfering with the ability of CD40 to interact with CD154, which impacts inflammation and atherosclerosis. The use of such peptides in reducing atherosclerosis, and in particular, the autoimmune inflammatory response that may he a driving factor thereof. The use of such short peptides to lower LDL cholesterol. Methods and materials for detecting T-cells that express CD40 (Th40 cells). Methods and materials for confirming or ruling out cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, and/or coronary artery disease.

Abstract: Methods and materials for preventing and modulating atherosclerosis. In particular, small peptides that are capable of interacting with CD40, thereby interfering with the ability of CD40 to interact with CD154, which impacts inflammation and atherosclerosis. The use of such peptides in reducing atherosclerosis, and in particular, the autoimmune inflammatory response that may be a driving factor thereof. The use of such short peptides to lower LDL cholesterol. Methods and materials for detecting T-cells that express CD40 (Th40 cells). Methods and materials for preventing, modulating, reducing and/or reversing type 2 diabetes and auto-inflammatory disease. In particular, small peptides that are capable of interacting with CD40, thereby interfering with the ability of CD40 to interact with CD154, which impacts inflammation and type 2 diabetes. The use of such peptides in reducing type 2 diabetes, and in particular, the autoimmune inflammatory response that may be a driving factor thereof.

Abstract: Methods and materials for preventing and modulating atherosclerosis. In particular, small peptides that are capable of interacting with CD40, thereby interfering with the ability of CD40 to interact with CD154, which impacts inflammation and atherosclerosis. The use of such peptides in reducing atherosclerosis, and in particular, the autoimmune inflammatory response that may be a driving factor thereof. The use of such short peptides to lower LDL cholesterol. Methods and materials for detecting T-cells that express CD40 (Th40 cells).