Abstract: A metal part is uniformly cooled by uniformly breaking a vapor film formed when a cooling liquid vaporizes on a surface of the metal part. Oscillations are applied to the vapor film formed on the surface of the metal part, whereby the vapor film is broken without the stirring of a cooling liquid 1. The cooling liquid 1 is stirred after the vapor film begins to be broken, whereby bubbles formed by the breakage of the vapor film are caused to diffuse in the cooling liquid 1.

Abstract: There is provided an economical carburizing method and carburization apparatus capable of carrying out carburizing treatment with a quality as high as that in a normal case and a high reproducibility even if carburizing conditions differ from those in a normal case. A carburization apparatus for carrying out carburization in an atmosphere gas containing not more than 30% by volume of carbon monoxide under a pressure of 13 to 4,000 Pa has a carburizing chamber 3 for housing an object 4 to be treated; an oxygen sensor 20 for measuring an oxygen concentration in the atmosphere gas in the carburizing chamber 3 during carburization; and a mass flow controller 5 for adjusting a composition of the atmosphere gas in the carburizing chamber 3 according to a measurement result by the oxygen sensor 20.

Abstract: A method of surface coating a substrate made of metal or ceramic having a three dimensional configuration such as tools, dies or machinery parts, with a surface reinforcing film with good adhesion, at low temperature, in which at least one deposition film is formed on the surface of the substrate by a plasma vapor deposition CVD process, wherein the deposition film comprises:a multi-layered film comprising one or more of TiAlN film (18a) and a film other than TiAlN having a composition in which the total amount of Ti, Al and N is from 50 to 100 at % and in which the uppermost layer as a surface reinforcing film comprises a TiAlN film, ora multi-layered film comprising two or more of TiAlN films having a composition in which the total amount of Ti, Al and N is from 50 to 100 at % and in which the contents of two or more of elements among Ti, Al and N are in a gradient composition.

Abstract: A degreasing and cleaning method for removing oils from an object includes the steps of heating an object deposited with oils in a container, jetting a cleaning liquid which is mainly water or steam into the container and subsequently evacuating the container to reduce the pressure in the inside of the container to thereby evaporate the deposited oils to remove them from the object. The degreasing and cleaning method can be conducted by an apparatus which includes a vacuum container having a heating means for heating an object deposited with oils, a jetting means for jetting the cleaning liquid into the vacuum container and an exhausting means for exhausting evaporated ingredients formed by steam distillation in the vacuum container therefrom.

Abstract: A degreasing and cleaning method for removing oils from an object includes the steps of heating an object deposited with oils in a container, jetting a cleaning liquid which is mainly water or steam into the container and subsequently evacuating the container to reduce the pressure in the inside of the container to thereby evaporate the deposited oils to remove them from the object. The degreasing and cleaning method can be conducted by an apparatus which includes a vacuum container having a heating means for heating an object deposited with oils, a jetting means for jetting the cleaning liquid into the vacuum container and an exhausting means for exhausting evaporated ingredients formed by steam distillation in the vacuum container therefrom.