Abstract: Embodiments of the systems and methods disclosed include a durable multiversion modification of B+-tree with full transaction semantics. In-memory and persistent page images are managed without a buffer manager. Instead, a non-leaf page downlink directly points either to in-memory or on-disk pages. In turn, the reduced amount of fetches per page access improves scalability on multi-core hardware platforms. Embodiments include structurally consistent copy-on-write checkpoints that enable using row-level write-ahead logs. In combination with in-memory undo log for multiversion concurrency control, the amount of persistent storage operations is significantly reduced.