Abstract: An optical switch module having a movable mirror disposed between two fixed mirrors. All three mirrors are aligned parallel to each other in a linear array to form a crossbar switch. The movable mirror moves between a first position and a second position to selectively couple optical signals between two inputs and two outputs. The basic switch module may be scaled up to form an apparatus that incorporates N movable mirrors and N+1 fixed mirrors, where N is an integer greater than zero. Such an apparatus can accommodate 2N fiber inputs and 2N fiber outputs, e.g., in an optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM). The parallel configuration of the switch module takes advantage of existing lens array and fiber V-groove technology to facilitate integration of the fibers and collimators in the module, thereby reducing the difficulty and cost associated with alignment, assembly, and packaging.

Abstract: Oral composition for inhibiting oral malodor, containing an antibacterial agent and a zinc compound, in the form of a mouthwash containing 0.005-0.05% w/v of an antibacterial agent selected from bis-guanides and quaternary ammonium compounds, and 0.05-0.5% w/v of zinc acetate.

Abstract: A method of commissioning an internal combustion engine controlled by an electronic engine control unit (ECU) is described. The method of commissioning includes an engine mapping function in which the engine is mapped at a combination of speeds and loads to build up a full set of engine operating parameters which are known collectively as the engine control set (ECS). The method includes defining a speed/load mapping table and generating a graphical display of a corresponding speed/load grid (20) having a plurality of cells arranged in a grid, each cell corresponding to a particular speed/load combination in the speed/load mapping table. The engine is driven as close as possible to a selected speed/load combination (24) and the value of a selected engine operating parameter is adjusted to obtain an optimum value at the selected speed/load combination. Each unmapped cell in the grid is displayed in a first visually distinct manner and each mapped cell is displayed in a second visually distinct manner.

Abstract: An engine control unit and method of controlling the operation of a gas fuelled internal combustion engine of the kind having a gas injector for injecting gaseous fuel into each cylinder and an inlet manifold through which air flows into each cylinder of the engine, the inlet manifold having a manifold valve to control the flow of air into the inlet manifold. An improved control strategy employed by the engine control unit involves closed loop control of airflow through the inlet manifold of the engine. Manifold absolute pressure (MAP) (70) and manifold air temperature (MAT) (72) are employed to calculate air density (84) which is representative of the mass of air flowing through the inlet manifold (28). The detected air density (84) is compared to a desired air density (DAD) (86) and an air density correction (88) is calculated to adjust the manifold valve position (MVP) (90).

Abstract: A manifold valve controller (30, 32) designed to be embedded within the casing (24) of a throttle actuator in a manifold valve assembly for a gas fueled internal combustion engine. The controller (30, 32) senses the current position and current velocity of the valve (14) and calculates a rest position of the valve (14) if the valve commenced deceleration from its current position and velocity. The controller (30, 32) then compares the calculated rest position with a demanded position for the manifold valve (14) in order to determine whether the current position or the rest position exceeds the demanded position The controller (30, 32) then accelerates or decelerates the valve (14) to the demanded position as required, based on the comparison A feedback position sensor such as a potentiometer (22) provides the means for sensing the current position and velocity of the valve (14).