Abstract: The present invention provides an electrode having a coating made of electrocatalytic ceramic materials on substantially incompatible metal substrates, by resorting to the use of an anchoring pre-coating or interlayer, applied over the metal substrate advantageously by galvanic electrodeposition, said pre-coating generally consisting of an inert metallic matrix containing particles of a ceramic material which preferably is compatible or even isomorphous with respect to the ceramic material constituting the superficial or external electrocatalytic coating.Adhesion to the metal substrate and electrical conductivity through the coating result thereby greatly improved.Further, the electrolysis of sodium chloride in cells provided with the electrode of the present invention is more efficient and less problematic.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for producing alkali metal hypohalite by passing an alkali metal brine solution through the anode compartment of an electrolytic cell in which the anode compartment and the cathode compartment are separated by a fluid impervious, anion-permeable membrane, providing an aqueous support catholyte into the cathode compartment, impressing an electric potential across the anode and cathode to evolve halogen at the anode and hydrogen at the cathode and recovering alkali metal hypohalite from the anode compartment.

Abstract: Describes a bipolar diaphragm cell consisting of a series of substantially horizontal frames stacked one on top of the other with the interposition of insulating gaskets. These frames house the cathode compartment in the upper part and the anode compartment in the lower part of each frame; these compartments are separated by a horizontal plate supporting the cathode screen and diaphragm on its upper side and the anodic structure from its lower side; the anodic structure consisting of a valve metal base having an electrically conductive electrocatalytic coating thereon and having sufficient voids through the metal of the anode base to readily pass anode gases upwardly through the anodes.