Abstract: The invention relates to lining material for a hollow explosive charge with increased effectiveness mainly for the perforation of pipes of hydrocarbon-producing wells.The lining material according to the invention consists of alloy with bismuth content and/or metal mixture with bismuth content and/or elementary bismuth.

Abstract: Phase-contacting plates are defined by a plurality of pivotable flow-blocking members arranged in alternating rows in which the respective blocking members thereof pivot in opposite direction to the respective blocking members of adjacent rows, the respective blocking members of each row overlapping successive members thereof, each blocking member being deflectable by the upward flow of the low-density phase and controlling the downward flow of the high-density phase, each flow-blocking member being formed by at least one elongated flow-blocking flap pivotable about a transverse axis at one end thereof, and at least one moment-equalizing element operatively connected with the flow-blocking flap.

Abstract: A multi-purpose flow apparatus of the type which operates on the principle of volumetric displacement, has an internally helicoidal chamber rotatable about its center of gravity and having one of a constant or variable pitch and z.sub.k thread starts and an externally helicoidal spindle rotatable about an axis disposed at its center of gravity. The spindle has z.sub.o =z.sub.k +1 thread starts, the thread division thereof is z.sub.o /z.sub.k times the pitch of the chamber and the angular velocity of rotation of the spindle is z.sub.k /z.sub.o times that of the chamber.

Abstract: A plate floor heat exchanger has a plurality of conductive mutually parallel plates spaced apart by narrow gaps defined by spacer bands which can have a streamlined shape and each of which are traversed by a plurality of tubes extending perpendicular to the plates. The spaces between longitudinal edges of these bands define flow channels for a fluid in a heat exchange relationship with the fluid traversing the tubes.

Abstract: A method of recovering hydrocarbon substances such as oil and tar from naturally occurring mineral matter such as oil shale and young coal ranks, which comprises subjecting the natural mineral product to microwave irradiation in a pressure vessel through which an expelling medium is passed. The expelling medium can be gaseous or liquefied carbon dioxide containing natural or mixed gases, hydrocarbon-containing gas, vapor or liquid and gaseous or vapor-halogenated hydrocarbons.

Abstract: There is disclosed an hydraulic drilling motor for well drilling. The motor is of the push-down axial flow type. It is of vibration-free rotary chamber-type construction functioning with high torque wherein the r.p.m. and capacity of the drilling tool are in proportion with the velocity and pressure of the flowing medium. The motor consists of an internally threaded chamber with an arch parallel with the flow direction of an externally threaded spindle of z.sub.o =z.sub.k (arch or thread)+1, or z.sub.o =z.sub.k -1 thread, of identical course with the chamber, arranged in the chamber. The cross section of the spindle or chamber is prolate, peaked or curate cycloid. When the spindle is cycloid cross sectional, the cross section of the chamber is in the same plane, and when the chamber is in cycloid cross sectional the cross section of the spindle is in the same plane. This is limited by the external or internal envelope curve of the surface touched by the cycloid during relative motion.

Abstract: An apparatus for the in situ measurement of the deformation and stress conditions of a string of casings in a drilled oil well is provided with an antimagnetic measuring section mountable in the string of casings at a selected depth and having extensometers fixed on the mantle thereof and a first electronic unit. The unit includes printed circuitry mounted on the measuring section and receptive of the signals from the extensometers for transmitting same. The apparatus also includes a drill hole probe extendable into the interior of the casings to the depth of the measuring section and a second electronic circuit receptive of the transmission from the first electronic circuit to apply same to a cable attached thereto for processing at the surface.

Abstract: The explosives, explosive mixtures or assemblies according to the invention contain at least one new nitrated 2,5,8-triphenyl-tris-triazolobenzene derivative of the general formula (I) ##SPC1##wherein n represents an integer of two or three, or a nitromethane or nitric acid adduct of said compounds, and optionally contain known additives, too.The thermal stabilities of these products are much better than that of the hitherto known brisant explosives, and at the same time their brisance and other explosive characteristics are satisfactory.