Abstract: A high-performance object detection system using HDR images obtained from LDR cameras, which allows for the separation and recognition of detected objects in images under high illumination difference conditions (tunnels, sunrise or sunset, etc.) and prevents autonomous vehicles from causing undesired accidents is provided.

Abstract: A recycling method of polylactic acid in a single step by using supercritical or dense gas carbon dioxide is provided. The recycling method includes the steps of adjusting a temperature of a reactor to at least 120° C., and adjusting a pressure to values above or below a critical pressure of carbon dioxide, wherein the critical pressure is 73.8 bar.

Abstract: A mini slotted random access protocol with an age threshold is used only by terminals that exceed the threshold value in terms of age of information, and has different probabilities of transmission in each mini slot in the protocol, the user population is shaped such that the age of information is minimized.

Abstract: Near-infrared (NIR) absorbing photosensitizers for imaging and treatment of cancer in a photodynamic therapy (PDT) are provided. Specifically, the NIR photosensitizers are mitochondria targeted and water-soluble, and used as a cytotoxic drug in a photodynamic therapy of the cancer. The NIR photosensitizers are activated with wavelengths of light, wherein the light penetrates through a body not just a skin. Hence the NIR photosensitizers aim to transform PDT from being a specialized treatment to a generally applicable one. PDT is almost completely non-invasive compared to current treatment methods.

Abstract: Pichia pastoris alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ADH2) promoter variants include at least one of the specified modifications on wild-type Pichia pastoris ADH2 promoter (SEQ ID NO: 1). The modification includes one of the following mutations: integration of a Cat8 transcription factor binding site (TFBS), particularly integration of SEQ ID NO: 3 or other gene sequences that show at least 80% similarity with this sequence, at any positions within nucleotides a) 647 to 660; b) 739 to 752; c) 1 to 948; and d) mutations specified with SEQ ID NO: 2 within nucleotides 15 to 848 separately and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A novel capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) array is provided and the CMUT array employs an additional electrically-addressable conductive shield that isolates each array element individually, hence the novel array is coined as Faraday Caged CMUT array. The state of this conductive shield corresponding to each array element can be set as floating for reduced parasitic and cross-coupling capacitance or grounded for reduced electrical crosstalk. Perpetual, reliable operation in floating state without the risk of catastrophic dielectric electric field breakdown event is enabled by the self-discharging mechanism through diamond emitters featuring high field emission efficiency and acting as lightning rods in a cavity. The lightning rod structure features a movable diamond membrane, which deflects towards the diamond emitter due to electrostatic force (acting as a charge-controlled capacitive device) closing the gap to facilitate the safe intermittent discharging.

Abstract: A compact holographic SLM spectrometer without an optical diffraction element is provided. The compact holographic SLM spectrometer performs the basic spectrometer function using a spatial light modulator (SLM). The compact holographic SLM spectrometer includes a light source, an input element, a collimator, an SLM, an analysis and detection optics, at least one detector, and a digital and/or analog control device.

Abstract: A powering system for constant current neural stimulators provides adaptive supply voltage for neural stimulators to decrease power dissipation by taking advantage of varying voltage compliance of constant current stimulation. The powering system includes an adaptive voltage supply generator, a monitoring circuit, a charge pump, a step-down converter, and a rechargeable battery.

Abstract: A fiber optic MEMS microphone featuring an electrically deflectable MEMS membrane via a conversion of an optical energy propagating in an optical fiber cable to an electrical energy with a photodiode chip. The fiber optic MEMS microphone includes a MEMS device, the photodiode chip, a voltage, a power adjustable laser beam and a light.

Abstract: A method for performance determination of a heat pipe with an arbitrary liquid flow area and prescribed geometric dimensions, an external and internal structure, a heat pipe material and a working fluid, heating and cooling surface areas, and condenser cooling conditions is provided to obtain operating and performance parameters, wherein the operating and performance parameters are temperature distribution within the heat pipe, a heat transferred via a phase change and a conduction, an axial variation of a radius of curvature of a liquid-vapor interface along the heat pipe, a vapor temperature and pressure of the working fluid, by simulating a flow and an energy transfer inside.

Abstract: A spherically steerable microphone array structure is provided. The spherically steerable microphone array structure uses pressure and acoustic particle velocity signals obtained from sensors positioned co-planarly on a circular arc. The spherically steerable microphone array structure allows a calculation of all spatial partial derivatives of a sound field up to a given order. The spatial partial derivatives are used to obtain a spherical harmonic decomposition of a recorded sound field. Spherical harmonic decomposition coefficients are used in a spherically direction-invariant acoustic mode beamforming.

Abstract: A method for performance determination of a heat pipe with an arbitrary liquid flow area and prescribed geometric dimensions, an external and internal structure, a heat pipe material and a working fluid, heating and cooling surface areas, and condenser cooling conditions is provided to obtain operating and performance parameters, wherein the operating and performance parameters are temperature distribution within the heat pipe, a heat transferred via a phase change and a conduction, an axial variation of a radius of curvature of a liquid-vapor interface along the heat pipe, a vapor temperature and pressure of the working fluid, by simulating a flow and an energy transfer inside.

Abstract: A high-resolution optical spectrometer with multiple diffractive optical elements operates under broadband light and enables spectral splitting with 3D diffractive optical elements. Diffractive optical elements are used to provide concentration of light as well as spectral splitting. Depending on the application, the high-resolution optical spectrometer operates with a reflection or transmission diffractive optical element. The number of operating wavelengths, spectral resolution, and operating bandwidth of diffractive optical elements are flexible depending on application.

Abstract: A semiconductor photodiode which functions in a wide band range up to medium wave infrared and far wavelengths in addition to visible region and near infrared includes: a light absorber region in micro structure which can provide light absorbance upon being roughened by laser; a first electrical lower contact coated with metal materials such as aluminium (Al), silver (Ag); a silicon which consists of crystalline silicon (c-Si); a second electrical lower contact which is coated with metal materials such as aluminium (Al), silver (Ag); a chalcogen doped hyper-filled silicone region which is obtained as a result of doping by pulse laser to the silicone region implanted by chalcogen elements; and upper electrical contact parts which are coated generally in the thickness range of 10 nm-1000 nm by using two-layered alloys with aluminium (Al)—(Al)-silver (Ag), two-layered alloys with titanium (Ti)-gold (Au), three-layered alloys with Ti-Platinum(Pt)—Au—Ag or three-layered alloys with Ti-lead(Pb)—Ag.

Abstract: A modal superposition method using a response dependent non-linear mode concept for a vibration analysis of non-linear engineering structures is provided. The modal superposition method is provided to find steady state response of non-linear systems in frequency domain. The modal superposition method is used in many mechanical structures, especially in design of aerospace and automotive structures, defense industry platforms, steam and gas turbines and mechanical structures containing non-linear forces such as gas turbine engines and jet engines.

Abstract: An MEMS airborne ultrasonic transducer system operating on a thermoacoustic principle to determine brain haemorrhage, includes: an RF transmitter and ultrasound receiver systems to transmit RF energy and receive ultrasound wave, respectively, an RF transmitter system having an RF signal generator, an RF amplifier and a horn antenna, and an ultrasound receiver system having a lock-in amplifier, a DC supply and two ultrasonic transducer arrays wirebonded to low noise amplifier (LNA) chips. The MEMS airborne ultrasonic transducer system determines brain haemorrhage based on detecting RF-induced, blood-originating, thermoacoustic ultrasound wave at the pulse modulation frequency.

Abstract: A method is provided for acoustic source direction of arrival estimation and acoustic source separation, via spatial weighting of the dictionary based display of the steered response function calculated for a certain number of directions from spherical harmonic decomposition coefficients obtained from microphone array recordings of the sound field. The usage of spatial band limited functions of plane waves to represent more complex directional maps of the sound field constitutes the algorithm. These functions are calculated for pre-defined directions on an analysis surface (such as a sphere). The directions of arrival of sound sources are calculated with the same method in order to group source estimates to localize sound sources. Thereby, directions of arrival can be obtained from the recordings of the sound sources captured by means of a microphone array and following this, sound sources can be separated by using this direction information or predetermined source arrival directions.

Abstract: A spherically steerable microphone array structure is provided. The spherically steerable microphone array structure uses pressure and acoustic particle velocity signals obtained from sensors positioned co-planarly on a circular arc. The spherically steerable microphone array structure allows a calculation of all spatial partial derivatives of a sound field up to a given order. The spatial partial derivatives are used to obtain a spherical harmonic decomposition of a recorded sound field. Spherical harmonic decomposition coefficients are used in a spherically direction-invariant acoustic mode beamforming.

Abstract: A method for reducing a total operational load of a method of a model predictive control-by conducting simplifications based on specific observations, in order to drive alternating current motors by using the method of the MPC with a two-level voltage source inverter. The method includes the steps of determining at which one of the predefined sectors a resultant of stator currents is present, determining a motor mode, reducing seven estimation vectors to four estimation vectors and calculating a cost function or reducing seven estimation vectors to five estimation vectors and calculating the cost function.

Abstract: A recycling method of polylactic acid in a single step by using supercritical or dense gas carbon dioxide is provided. The recycling method includes the steps of adjusting a temperature of a reactor to at least 120° C., and adjusting a pressure to values above or below a critical pressure of carbon dioxide, wherein the critical pressure is 73.8 bar.