Abstract: A problem to be solved is to use a measured pain degree for comparison with a pain degree of another subject or for diagnosis of a disease. A pain measuring device has an electrode to be attached to a subject and a stimulation current generation means generating a stimulation current to be supplied to the electrode. Then, the pain measuring device measures pain felt by the subject based on the stimulation current applied from the electrode to the subject. The pain measuring device has a means to display a relation between a pain measurement value being a logarithmic value or a logarithmic-type value of a value founded on the stimulation current and a value of a VAS or a face scale which the subject selects.

Abstract: The cardiovascular evaluation apparatus of the present invention maintains a pulse wave detection means for detecting pulse wave generated while external pressure is applied to the artery, a pulse wave pattern formulation means for formulating a pulse wave amplitude pattern that indicates the dependency characteristic of the pulse wave amplitude in regard to said external pressure, a pattern shape matching means for matching general polyangular patterns to a pattern portion of said pulse wave amplitude pattern that includes at least a part of the envelope curve where the area of the general pattern, and an index derivation means for deriving a cardiovascular dynamics index related to arterial mechanical characteristics and/or cardiac function.