Abstract: In conventional optical isolators, an optical signal is dispersed by polarization or the characteristics are varied by heat generation in a garnet crystal. According to the invention, the crystal optical axis (3c) of rutile crystal (3) is oriented so that the separation directions of the ordinary ray (O) and the extraordinary ray (E) are perpendicular to the plane including the optical axes of optical fibers (10, 11). Furthermore, the focusing central optical axis (6c) of a focusing rod lens (6) is arranged parallel with optical axes of the optical fibers (10, 11) and at a substantially equal distance from the four rays, i.e. the ordinary ray (O) and the extraordinary ray (E) propagating along the optical axis of the optical fiber (10) and the ordinary ray (O) and the extraordinary ray (E) propagating along the optical axis of the optical fiber (11). An air gap (7) of about 200 [?m] is provided, as a heat insulating means, between the focusing rod lens (6) and a magnetized garnet crystal (8).

Abstract: An optical fiber collimator array includes an optical fiber array block and a microlens array substrate. The optical fiber array block includes an angled surface and is configured to receive and retain a plurality of individual optical fibers, which carry optical signals. The microlens array substrate includes a plurality of microlenses integrated along a microlens surface and a sloped surface opposite the microlens surface. The microlens surface is coupled to the angled surface such that the optical signals from the individual optical fibers are each collimated by a different one of the integrated microlenses.

Abstract: An arrayed optical device includes a first optical fiber collimator array, a second optical fiber collimator array and an optical chip. The first optical fiber collimator array includes a first optical fiber array block and a first microlens array substrate. The second optical fiber collimator array includes a second optical fiber array block and a second microlens array substrate. The optical chip is coupled between the first microlens array substrate and the second microlens array substrate.

Abstract: An optical fiber collimator array includes an optical fiber array block and a microlens array substrate. The optical fiber array block includes an angled surface and is configured to receive and retain a plurality of individual optical fibers, which carry optical signals. The microlens array substrate includes a plurality of microlenses integrated along a microlens surface and a sloped surface opposite the microlens surface. The microlens surface is coupled to the angled surface such that the optical signals from the individual optical fibers are each collimated by a different one of the integrated microlenses.

Abstract: An optical fiber collimator array includes an optical fiber array block and a microlens array substrate. The optical fiber array block includes an angled surface and is configured to receive and retain a plurality of individual optical fibers, which carry optical signals. The microlens array substrate includes a plurality of microlenses integrated along a microlens surface and a sloped surface opposite the microlens surface. The microlens surface is coupled to the angled surface such that the optical signals from the individual optical fibers are each collimated by a different one of the integrated microlenses.

Abstract: An under-sink type water purifier with a water-tap portion connected to a purified-water outlet of the purifier having a sensor for sensing an object to issue a signal, and a solenoid valve for starting and stopping the discharge of purified water from the water-tap portion in response to the signal. The apparatus is characterized by a control circuit for opening and closing the valve in response to the signal. The circuit is provided with at least one of a first timer for opening the valve at every preset time for a short time, and a second timer for opening the valve for a short time to permit the water-tap portion to discharge the purified water therefrom when the purified water remains confined in the purifier for a predetermined period of time. These timers are selectively used in operation.

Abstract: A transmission signal sending and receiving method using the steps of setting the reference channel and data channels in each cycle of the AC voltage wave for transmission in the sending and receiving means, superposing the reference transmission signal onto the reference channel and the modulated data transmission signals onto the data channels in the sending means, receiving the reference transmission signal and data transmission signals by being separated from the AC voltage wave for transmission in the receiving means, and monitoring data transmission signals by comparing the level and phase of the reference transmission signal received by the reference channel with those of the data transmission signals received in the data channels, and thereby comparing the reference transmission signal with the data transmission signals received in each cycle of the AC voltage wave for transmission.

Abstract: A method of detecting the levels of phase pulse signals involves the establishment of a pilot channel in addition to channels into which phase pulse signals are injected. Prior to the injection of the phase pulse signals, a transmitter injects a pilot signal into the pilot channel. A receiver sets a reception threshold level to a level somewhat lower than the peak level of the pilot signal, and a detection of the levels of the phase pulse signals is carried out by comparing the phase pulse signals with the reception threshold level established by the pilot signal so that ghost signals below the threshold level are eliminated.

Abstract: An address discrimination channel and terminal selection channels are established in the low-noise region of a first one of two succeeding cycles of an alternating current carrier wave, whereas returning channels are established in the low-noise region of the second cycle of the same. A receiver inserts an address discrimination phase-pulse signal and a terminal selection phase-pulse signal, respectively, into the address discrimination channel and the terminal selection channels of the aforementioned first cycle. A terminal equipment inserts a returning phase-pulse signal into the returning channels of the aforementioned second cycle when it detects the address discrimination phase-pulse signal on the address discrimination channel, and the terminal selection phase-pulse signal having an address code coinciding with the address code of said terminal equipment on the terminal selection channels.

Abstract: A carrier control method using phase-pulse signals in which a plurality of terminal-selection channels and a plurality of returning channels having a predetermined phase width respectively are provided in one cycle of an alternating current carrier wave. At the center, a terminal-selection phase-pulse signal comprising a combination of existence and non-existence of a phase pulse for each terminal-selection channel is injected in the terminal-selection channels, corresponding to a code assigned to each terminal equipment. At the terminal equipment, the terminal-selection phase-pulse signal is received. When the code of the signal coincides with the code of the terminal equipment, a returning phase-pulse signal comprising a combination of existence and non-existence of a phase pulse for each returning channel is injected in the returning channels, corresponding to a datum stored at the terminal in the electrically readable state, and the signal is received at the center.

Abstract: An electronic three-phase four-wire system watt-hour meter equipped with a single operational circuit which multiplies the voltage and the current of each phase of a three-phase alternating current power source of which electric energy is to be measured. Electronic switches are provided which work on voltage and electronic switches are provided which work on current in each phase. Said electronic switches are cyclically opened and closed by three-phase pulse signals provided for control. The operational circuit produces, in the form of a current, an output corresponding to the sum of the electric power of each phase of said three-phase alternating current source.