Abstract: A light ranging system can include a laser device and an imaging device having photosensors. The laser device illuminates a scene with laser pulse radiation that reflects off of objects in the scene. The reflections can vary greatly depending on the reflecting surface shape and reflectivity. The signal measured by photosensors can be filtered with a number of matched filter designed according to profiles of different reflected signals. A best matched filter can be identified, and hence information about the reflecting surface and accurate ranging information can be obtained. The laser pulse radiation can be emitted in coded pulses by allowing weights to different detection intervals. Other enhancements include staggering laser pulses and changing an operational status of photodetectors of a pixel sensor, as well as efficient signal processing using a sensor chip that includes processing circuits and photosensors.

Abstract: An optical measurement system includes a photosensor that includes one or more photosensitive elements. Each of the photosensitive elements may generate signals when a photon is detected, and the number of photons detected for each photosensor may be accumulated in an integration register. The integration register may accumulate photon counts independent of a parallel data path that stores photon counts in time bins based on photon arrival times to form a histogram representation. The total photon count in the integration register can be used to estimate ambient background light and properly set signal thresholds for detecting reflected light signals represented in the histogram.

Abstract: Embodiments describe a solid state electronic scanning LIDAR system that includes a scanning focal plane transmitting element and a scanning focal plane receiving element whose operations are synchronized so that the firing sequence of an emitter array in the transmitting element corresponds to a capturing sequence of a photosensor array in the receiving element. During operation, the emitter array can sequentially fire one or more light emitters into a scene and the reflected light can be received by a corresponding set of one or more photosensors through an aperture layer positioned in front of the photosensors. Each light emitter can correspond with an aperture in the aperture layer, and each aperture can correspond to a photosensor in the receiving element such that each light emitter corresponds with a specific photosensor in the receiving element.

Abstract: Optical systems and methods for collecting distance information are disclosed. An example optical system includes a first transmitting optic, a plurality of illumination sources, a pixel array comprising at least a first column of pixels and a second column of pixels, each pixel in the first column of pixels being offset from an adjacent pixel in the first column of pixels by a first pixel pitch, the second column of pixels being horizontally offset from the first column of pixels by the first pixel pitch, the second column of pixels being vertically offset from the first column of pixels by a first vertical pitch; and a set of input channels interposed between the first transmitting optic and the pixel array.

Abstract: An optical system for collecting distance information within a field is provided. The optical system may include lenses for collecting photons from a field and may include lenses for distributing photons to a field. The optical system may include lens tubes that collimate collected photons, optical filters that reject normally incident light outside of the operating wavelength, and pixels that detect incident photons. The optical system may further include illumination sources that output photons at an operating wavelength.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatus that can spread peak power dissipation (such as emitter power) in a lidar system over an increased range of time. Spreading the emitter power over time can provide several advantages. Dispersing the power supply noise and current spikes can reduce the load or stress on power supply components such as power transistors, decoupling capacitors, and others. Power supply noise and voltage drops can be reduced by allowing power supply decoupling capacitors time to recover between bursts of pulses. This can allow the use of lower-power transistors, smaller capacitors, and other changes that can conserve resources. Component heating, for example in the emitter array, can be reduced by providing time between bursts of pulses for device cooling.

Abstract: A multispectral sensor array can include a combination of ranging sensor channels (e.g., LIDAR sensor channels) and ambient-light sensor channels tuned to detect ambient light having a channel-specific property (e.g., color). The sensor channels can be arranged and spaced to provide multispectral images of a field of view in which the multispectral images from different sensors are inherently aligned with each other to define an array of multispectral image pixels. Various optical elements can be provided to facilitate imaging operations. Light ranging/imaging systems incorporating multispectral sensor arrays can operate in rotating and/or static modes.

Abstract: A stereoscopic imager system, comprising: a sensor array comprising a first plurality of photosensors and a second plurality of photosensors spaced apart from the first plurality of photosensors by a gap, the first plurality of photosensors and the second plurality of photosensors being configured to detect ambient light in a scene; a moving component coupled to the sensor array and operable to move the sensor array between a first position and a second position within a full rotational image capturing cycle; and a system controller coupled to the sensor array and the moving component.

Abstract: Methods and systems can augment 360 degree panoramic LIDAR results (e.g., from a spinning LIDAR system) with color obtained from color cameras. A color-pixel-lookup table can specify the correspondence between LIDAR pixels (depth/ranging pixels) and color pixels, which may be done at different viewing object distances. The operation of the color cameras can be triggered by the angular positions of the LIDAR system. For example, a color image of a particular camera can be captured when the LIDAR system is at a particular angular position, which can be predetermined based on properties of the cameras (e.g., shutter speed). Alternatively or in addition, a common internal clock can be used to assign timestamps to LIDAR and color pixels as they are captured. The corresponding color pixel(s), e.g., as determined using a color-pixel-lookup table, with the closest timestamp can be used for colorization.

Abstract: Techniques (e.g., methods, systems, devices) for receiving, from the lidar device, a measurement of the inertial measurement sensor. The techniques further including determining, using the measurement, at least one angle of a pitch angle or a roll angle of the lidar device. The techniques further including fixing the at least one angle of the lidar device in a graphical user interface that displays a location of the lidar device and providing one or more control elements in the graphical user interface that enable a user to specify one or more other degrees of freedom of the lidar device.

Abstract: A solid-state optical system comprising: a sensor array having a field of view; an emitter array comprising a plurality of emitter units mounted on a surface of a common substrate and arranged in a two-dimensional array, wherein each emitter unit in the plurality of emitter units is spaced apart from its adjacent emitter units by a first distance and emits pulses of light having a predetermined beam divergence; an optical element comprising a plurality of lenses corresponding in number to the plurality of emitter units and arranged in a two-dimensional array in which adjacent optical elements in the two-dimensional array are spaced apart from each other by the first distance, wherein the optical element is positioned adjacent to the emitter array such that each lens in the plurality of lenses is spaced apart from and receives the pulses of light emitted from a corresponding one of the emitter units in the plurality of emitter units and is configured to reduce the angle of divergence of the pulses of light emi

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatus that can save power and provide improved lidar images. An example can save power by limiting received photon accumulation to a range of bins corresponding to a range of distances where a position of an object has been predetermined. By not accumulating or binning photon data over an entire range, the amount of data stored each laser cycle can be reduced, and other power saving measures can be realized. By limiting a range over which photon data is accumulated, the resolution of each bin can be increased, thereby improving a resulting lidar image. The position of an object can be predetermined using a stereo camera that can be coupled to, or included as part of, a lidar system. The stereo camera can acquire a pair of images offset by a spacing, and from the pair of images can generate stereo depth estimates. The depth estimates can be mapped to corresponding lidar pixels. The depth estimates can be converted to time intervals, which can be provided to the lidar system.

Abstract: A light ranging system including a shaft having a longitudinal axis; a light ranging device configured to rotate about the longitudinal axis of the shaft, the light ranging device including a light source configured to transmit light pulses to objects in a surrounding environment, and detector circuitry configured to detect reflected portions of the light pulses that are reflected from the objects in the surrounding environment and to compute ranging data based on the reflected portion of the light pulses; a base subsystem that does not rotate about the shaft; and an optical communications subsystem configured to provide an optical communications channel between the base subsystem and the light ranging device, the optical communications subsystem including one or more turret optical communication components connected to the detector circuitry and one or more base optical communication components connected to the base subsystem.

Abstract: An optical system for collecting distance information within a field is provided. The optical system may include lenses for collecting photons from a field and may include lenses for distributing photons to a field. The optical system may include lens tubes that collimate collected photons, optical filters that reject normally incident light outside of the operating wavelength, and pixels that detect incident photons. The optical system may further include illumination sources that output photons at an operating wavelength.

Abstract: Embodiments describe an electronically scanning optical system including an emitter array configured to emit light into a field, a time of flight (TOF) sensor array configured to detect emitted light reflected back from the field, an image sensor array configured to detect ambient light in the field, where a field of view of the emitter array corresponds to a field of view of the TOF sensor array and at least a subset of a field of view of the image sensor array. The optical system further including an emitter controller configured to activate a subset of the plurality of light emitters at a time, a TOF sensor controller configured to synchronize the readout of individual TOF photosensors concurrently with the firing of corresponding light emitters, and an image sensor controller configured to capture an image that is representative of the field during the emission cycle.

Abstract: An optical system comprising: a sensor array having a field of view; an emitter array comprising a plurality of emitter units mounted on a surface of a common substrate and arranged in a two-dimensional array, wherein each emitter unit in the plurality of emitter units is spaced apart from its adjacent emitter units by a first pitch and emits pulses of light having a predetermined beam divergence; and a fly's eye element spaced apart from the emitter array and configured to spread light received from each emitter unit in the plurality of emitter units element across the entire field of view of the sensor array, the fly's eye element comprising a first and second arrays of lenslets spaced apart from each other, wherein individual lenslets in the first and second arrays of lenslets are spaced apart from each other in at least one dimension by a second pitch that is different than the first pitch, and wherein each individual lenslets in the first array of lenslets is aligned with a corresponding lenslet in the s

Abstract: A radio-frequency (RF) data link can be provided between a stationary base component and a rotating component that rotates about an axis defined by a shaft that has a waveguide core (e.g., a hollow core). The rotating component can include a data source such as one or more sensors. An RF transmitter unit can be disposed in the rotating component and can have a first antenna oriented to transmit into one end of the waveguide core of the shaft. The base component can include an RF receiver unit that can have a second antenna located at the other end of the shaft and oriented to receive RE signals through the waveguide core of the shaft. The waveguide core of the shaft can provide a waveguide for RF data transmissions (e.g., in the millimeter-wave band) between the first antenna and the second antenna.

Abstract: Embodiments describe a solid state electronic scanning LIDAR system that includes a scanning focal plane transmitting element and a scanning focal plane receiving element whose operations are synchronized so that the firing sequence of an emitter array in the transmitting element corresponds to a capturing sequence of a photosensor array in the receiving element. During operation, the emitter array can sequentially fire one or more light emitters into a scene and the reflected light can be received by a corresponding set of one or more photosensors through an aperture layer positioned in front of the photosensors. Each light emitter can correspond with an aperture in the aperture layer, and each aperture can correspond to a photosensor in the receiving element such that each light emitter corresponds with a specific photosensor in the receiving element.

Abstract: Circuits, methods, and apparatus that can provide detector arrays that are able to avoid or limit saturation of SPAD devices from both ambient and reflected light while maintaining sufficient sensitivity to generate a lidar image. An example can provide a SPAD device having high dynamic range. This SPAD device can include a first cathode for a first diode and a second cathode for a second diode formed in a common anode, where the common anode can be formed of an epitaxial layer. When high sensitivity is desired, both the first diode and the second diode can be biased above their breakdown voltage. When a lower sensitivity is desired, the first diode can be biased above its breakdown voltage while the second diode can be biased below its breakdown voltage. Diode bias voltages can be tuned to steer photogenerated carriers towards the second cathode to further reduce sensitivity.

Abstract: A multispectral sensor array can include a combination of ranging sensor channels (e.g., LIDAR sensor channels) and ambient-light sensor channels tuned to detect ambient light having a channel-specific property (e.g., color). The sensor channels can be arranged and spaced to provide multispectral images of a field of view in which the multispectral images from different sensors are inherently aligned with each other to define an array of multispectral image pixels. Various optical elements can be provided to facilitate imaging operations. Light ranging/imaging systems incorporating multispectral sensor arrays can operate in rotating and/or static modes.