Abstract: A low-urea retinoate containing less than 5% of urea or a urea-containing compound produced by a reaction of (a) retinoic acid and (b) glyceryl oleate, wherein the low-urea retinoate is a pourable, homogenous solution at room temperature.

Abstract: A low-urea retinoate containing less than 5% of urea or a urea-containing compound produced by a reaction of (a) retinoic acid and (b) glyceryl oleate, wherein the low-urea retinoate is a pourable, homogenous solution at room temperature.

Abstract: A self-emulsifying bioactive concentrate produced by a process comprising the steps of (a) creating a lysophospholipid concentrate comprised of a de-oiled lecithin source and 0.1% to 10% of an enzyme with having phospholipase A activity, wherein the lysophospholipid concentrate contains greater than 20% lysophosphatidyl-choline; and (b) combining the lysophospholipid concentrate from step (a) with a retinyl ester formed by the reaction of retinol and one or a mixture of unsaturated fatty acid(s).

Abstract: A novel lysophospholipid concentrate produced by a process comprising the steps of combining (i) a de-oiled lecithin and (ii) from about 0.5 to about 2% of an enzyme with PLA2 activity. The lysophospholipid concentrate is a pourable, homogenous mixture/solution at or about room temperature with has no significant visible precipitate that (a) has an HLB of greater than 12, (b) contains greater than about 20% lysophosphatidylcholine, and (c) contains greater than about 10% lysophosphatidic acid or an LPA-mimetic. Novel low-urea retinoate compounds produced by the reaction of (a) retinoic acid and (b) one or both of glycerine and/or a monoacylglyceride in the presence of a carbodiimide coupling agent, and preferably in the presence of p-toluene sulfonic acid. The low-urea retinoate is a pourable, homogenous mixture/solution at or about room temperature with no significant visible precipitate.