Abstract: A sterilization system may include an ozone generator, a buffer chamber, an ozone concentration monitor or cuvette, a treatment chamber, one or more valves, and a controller. The ozone generator generates a flow of ozone. The buffer chamber stores the flow of ozone. The ozone cuvette monitors a concentration of ozone from the buffer chamber. The treatment chamber receives a material for sterilization, and receives a flow of air/ozone. The controller selectively and independently controls each of the valves. The sterilization system including first and second operating modes. In the first operating mode, the treatment chamber is isolated from the ozone generator and the buffer chamber such that ozone is not being supplied to the treatment chamber. In the second operating mode, the treatment chamber is in communication with the ozone generator and the buffer chamber such that ozone is being supplied to the treatment chamber.

Abstract: A continuous flow sterilization system includes an inclined treatment chamber having a first end and a second end. An ozone generator generates a flow gas containing ozone; an input opening to receive a bulk material into the treatment chamber. An input port is provided for introducing the flow gas containing of ozone into the treatment chamber. A first sensor measures a level of ozone in the gas output of the treatment chamber. The other sensors measure ozone concentration and temperature within the treatment chamber. An output opening provides an exit for the bulk material. An output port provides an exit for the flow gas. An auger is disposed within the treatment chamber to move the bulk material through the treatment chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an emitter, the emitter comprising an ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV-LED) and being disposed on a first end of a bounded volume suitable for holding a gas. The bounded volume can be a chamber, a room, or the like. The apparatus includes a detector, the detector comprising an ultraviolet light sensor (UV sensor) and being disposed on a second end of the bounded volume, the second end being opposite the first end, wherein the UV-LED comprises a point source, and wherein the emitter generates a parallel beam of light.

Abstract: A system for determining ozone concentration in ice includes at least one emitter and first and second detectors. The emitter can be a light source including visible and UV light components, or the emitter can be a first emitter for emitting UV light and a second emitter for emitting visible light. The UV and visible light components can be directed through a sample of ice. The transmitted UV and visible light components can be detected by UV and visible light detectors. The amount of UV and visible light received by the detectors can be compared to levels of UV and visible light emitted by the emitter(s) can be used to determine the concentration of a dissolved gas (e.g., ozone) in the sample of ice.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an emitter, the emitter comprising an ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV-LED) and being disposed on a first end of a bounded volume suitable for holding a liquid. The liquid may have a negative Langelier saturation index (LSI). The bounded volume can be a chamber, a tank, or the like. The apparatus includes a detector, the detector comprising an ultraviolet light sensor (UV sensor) and being disposed on a second end of the bounded volume, the second end being opposite the first end, wherein the UV-LED comprises a point source, and wherein the emitter generates a parallel beam of light.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an emitter, the emitter comprising an ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV-LED) and being disposed on a first end of a bounded volume suitable for holding a gas. The bounded volume can be a chamber, a room, or the like. The apparatus includes a detector, the detector comprising an ultraviolet light sensor (UV sensor) and being disposed on a second end of the bounded volume, the second end being opposite the first end, wherein the UV-LED comprises a point source, and wherein the emitter generates a parallel beam of light.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an emitter comprising an ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV-LED) disposed on a first end of an optical cuvette. An extraction cuvette may hold a liquid having a positive Langelier saturation index (LSI), and having a quantity of ozone gas dissolved therein. Air may be bubbled through the liquid in the extraction cuvette, and may then be directed to the optical cuvette. A detector comprising an ultraviolet light sensor (UV sensor) can be disposed on a second end of the optical cuvette. The UV-LED may be a point source, and the emitter may generate a parallel beam of light. A concentration of ozone in the gas in the optical cuvette can be determined based on a diminution of the UV light beam passing therethrough. This concentration can then be used to determine an ozone concentration in the liquid contained in the extraction cuvette.

Abstract: A continuous flow sterilization system includes an inclined treatment chamber having a first end and a second end. An ozone generator generates a flow gas containing ozone; an input opening to receive a bulk material into the treatment chamber. An input port is provided for introducing the flow gas containing of ozone into the treatment chamber. A first sensor measures a level of ozone in the gas output of the treatment chamber. The other sensors measure ozone concentration and temperature within the treatment chamber. An output opening provides an exit for the bulk material. An output port provides an exit for the flow gas. An auger is disposed within the treatment chamber to move the bulk material through the treatment chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an emitter, the emitter comprising an ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV-LED) and being disposed on a first end of a bounded volume suitable for holding a liquid. The liquid may have a negative Langelier saturation index (LSI). The bounded volume can be a chamber, a tank, or the like. The apparatus includes a detector, the detector comprising an ultraviolet light sensor (UV sensor) and being disposed on a second end of the bounded volume, the second end being opposite the first end, wherein the UV-LED comprises a point source, and wherein the emitter generates a parallel beam of light.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an emitter comprising an ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV-LED) disposed on a first end of an optical cuvette. An extraction cuvette may hold a liquid having a positive Langelier saturation index (LSI), and having a quantity of ozone gas dissolved therein. Air may be bubbled through the liquid in the extraction cuvette, and may then be directed to the optical cuvette. A detector comprising an ultraviolet light sensor (UV sensor) can be disposed on a second end of the optical cuvette. The UV-LED may be a point source, and the emitter may generate a parallel beam of light. A concentration of ozone in the gas in the optical cuvette can be determined based on a diminution of the UV light beam passing therethrough. This concentration can then be used to determine an ozone concentration in the liquid contained in the extraction cuvette.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an emitter, the emitter comprising an ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV-LED) and being disposed on a first end of a bounded volume suitable for holding a gas. The bounded volume can be a chamber, a room, or the like. The apparatus includes a detector, the detector comprising an ultraviolet light sensor (UV sensor) and being disposed on a second end of the bounded volume, the second end being opposite the first end, wherein the UV-LED comprises a point source, and wherein the emitter generates a parallel beam of light.

Abstract: A system for determining ozone concentration in ice includes at least one emitter and first and second detectors. The emitter can be a light source including visible and UV light components, or the emitter can be a first emitter for emitting UV light and a second emitter for emitting visible light. The UV and visible light components can be directed through a sample of ice. The transmitted UV and visible light components can be detected by UV and visible light detectors. The amount of UV and visible light received by the detectors can be compared to levels of UV and visible light emitted by the emitter(s) can be used to determine the concentration of a dissolved gas (e.g., ozone) in the sample of ice.

Abstract: A sterilization system may include an ozone generator, a buffer chamber, an ozone concentration monitor or cuvette, a treatment chamber, one or more valves, and a controller. The ozone generator generates a flow of ozone. The buffer chamber stores the flow of ozone. The ozone cuvette monitors a concentration of ozone from the buffer chamber. The treatment chamber receives a material for sterilization, and receives a flow of air/ozone. The controller selectively and independently controls each of the valves. The sterilization system including first and second operating modes. In the first operating mode, the treatment chamber is isolated from the ozone generator and the buffer chamber such that ozone is not being supplied to the treatment chamber. In the second operating mode, the treatment chamber is in communication with the ozone generator and the buffer chamber such that ozone is being supplied to the treatment chamber.