Abstract: An example embodiment is an apparatus for measuring antioxidant presence comprising a solid media, and a reagent carried by the media, the reagent reactive with at least one antioxidant to cause changes in light that is incident upon the reagent while carried by the solid media.

Abstract: A method for detecting the presence of an aldehyde in a sample comprises steps of exposing the sample at room temperature to a test medium to catalyze the formation of optically detectable quantities of a product within a time period of no more than 60 minutes and without applying any external heat to the sample or test medium, the test medium comprising a indicator that is a nucleophilic compound having acidic protons at the nucleophilic center and at least one acid, and measuring the optical changes that occur as a result of the catalysis.

Abstract: A toxicoproteomic method for developing immunoassays to determine if a toxicant or a disease causes damage to a specific organ is disclosed. The discovery phase of the method involves the administration of a toxicant to an animal which will cause damage to a specific organ of the animal, which damage results in the production of an oxidatively modified, organ specific protein(s). Blood serum, which includes the modified protein(s) released from the organ following damage, is collected from the animal. The modified protein(s) is isolated from serum by immunoaffinity purification using antibodies directed against any number of damage-related, amino acid modifications, in this instance, nitrotyrosine, chlorotyrosine and methionine sulfoxide. Its function as a biomarker is validated by determining if the modified protein(s) is specific to the tissue or organ of interest.

Abstract: A method to assess oxidative stress in vivo by measuring the amount of free, esterified and glucuronidated forms of isoprostanes (8EPGF2) in a biological sample which contains the isoprostanes is disclosed. The method further includes determining the amount of total isoprostanes present in the sample. This amount is compared with a control sample. The oxidative stress is determined through the comparison wherein the amount of isoprostanes increase in the sample isolated from an organism undergoing oxidative stress compared to the control. Alternatively the method of the present invention provides for only the measurement of the glucuronidated form wherein the amount of glucuronidated isoprostanes increase in the sample isolated from an organism undergoing oxidative stress compared to the control.

Abstract: A method for production of a form-specific and/or inhibitory antibody against a cytochrome P450 protein is disclosed. The method includes the steps of selecting a cytochrome P450 protein for which a form-specific and/or inhibitory antibody is needed. The amino acid sequence of the selected cytochrome P450 protein is determined and aligned with a comparison amino acid sequence using an alignment algorithm. A peptide sequence corresponding to a region of a substrate recognition site is identified and a peptide of the selected sequence prepared. Using the peptide as an immunogen, an inhibitory and/or form-specific antibody is produced.