Abstract: A treatment apparatus for at least partially disinfecting a fluid such as water comprises a pipe (16) for conveying a flow of fluid to be treated, a series of ultraviolet (UV) light emitting diodes (LEDs) (62) for emission of the UV light into the fluid, and a control circuit (70) for controlling operation of the LEDs. The control circuit is configured for pulsing the LEDs and the LEDs are arranged such that the fluid flows over a surface of each LED, as it is conveyed by the pipe in operation.