Abstract: A flexible, flame-retarded, polyurethane foam comprising brominated and/or phosphorous flame retardants and an acid scavenger.

Abstract: The invention provides new compositions of matter that are capable of forming cross-linked polymeric materials upon reaction with various known epoxy-containing compositions. Thus, the compositions of this invention are useful in the manufacturing of prepregs and laminates for PWB applications among many other uses. Preferred compositions of this invention include substituted hydroxyarylphosphine oxide mixtures, the glycidyl ether derivatives, or the epoxy resin oligomer adducts derived therefrom. The materials provide for laminates that have higher glass transition temperatures, improved thermal stability, and that are free of halogen.

Abstract: It has been discovered that ammonia and amines are useful to increase the pH and corrosion resistance of high density brines, such as zinc bromide brines, without significantly reducing their densities. The ammonia or amine additive is preferably incorporated by contacting the brine with the additive which is in the vapor phase. Optionally, a substituted carboxylic acid, such as hydroxy carboxylic acid, may be used to increase the amount of ammonia or amine that can be included in the high density brine without precipitation of salts.

Abstract: An intumescent polymer composition includes a matrix polymer, an acid catalyst source, a nitrogen source and an ionic phyllosilicate synergist having substantial cationic exchange capacity.

Abstract: A mixture of hydroxyarylphosphine oxides comprising (a) a mono(hydroxyaryl)phosphine oxide, (b) a bis(hydroxyaryl)phosphine oxide, (c) a tris((hydroxyaryl)phosphine oxide, and, optionally (d) a tri- aryl, alkyl, or aralkyl-substituted phosphine oxide combined with a phenolic co-crosslinking composition is useful as a polyhtdroxy mixture for co-crosslinking an epoxy resin which also imparts flame resistance.

Abstract: A method of producing decabromodiphenyl alkanes includes the steps of charging a reaction vessel with bromine and a bromination catalyst and introducing a diphenyl alkane into the vessel at a location above the level of the charge bromine and catalyst. A dip tube apparatus for introducing the diphenyl alkane includes an inner tube and an outer tube, each of which are disposed above the surface of the bromine reaction vessel. The inner tube is fitted with a plug having an opening. Diphenyl alkane flows through the inner tube, out the opening in the plug, and into the reactor. The outer tube is disposed around and along the inner tube. Reaction mass from the vessel is recirculated from the vessel, through the outer tube and back to the vessel so as to form a curtain of reaction mass around the stream of diphenyl alkane being simultaneously fed into the reaction vessel.

Abstract: A mixture of hydroxyarylphosphine oxides comprising (a) a mono(hydroxyaryl)phosphine oxide, (b) a bis(hydroxyaryl)phosphine oxide, (c) a tris(hydroxyaryl)phosphine oxide, and, optionally (d) a tri- aryl, alkyl or aralkyl-substituted phosphine oxide is useful in the preparation of polyglycidyl ethers derived therefrom, or is employed as flame retardants in epoxy resin compositions which can be processed into resin-impregnated composites.

Abstract: Flame retardants for polymer compositions which are mixtures including triaryl phosphate esters represented by the following formula: where R1-R15 can independently be located in the ortho, meta or para positions on their respective phenol rings and are, independently, H or branched or linear alkyl groups having 3 to 11 carbon atoms and the mole ratio of the alkylate to phenol in the mixtures is at least about 0.77, preferably greater than about 0.81, and most preferably greater than about 0.85. The higher alkylated mixtures of triaryl phosphate esters can be incorporated into polymer compositions alone or in combination with other flame retardants.

Abstract: An intumescent polymer composition includes a matrix polymer, an acid catalyst source, a nitrogen source and an ionic phyllosilicate synergist having substantial cationic exchange capacity.

Abstract: A process for the production of pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol (PEPA) comprising reacting in the liquid phase phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3) with pentaerythritol (PE) at a reaction temperature of at least about 100° C. in the presence of a solvent which is an alkane substituted with at least one halogen atom and having an atmospheric boiling point of about 40 to about 150° C., e.g., 1,2-dichloroethane (ethylene dichloride). The reaction pressure is sufficiently high to maintain the solvent in the liquid phase.

Abstract: A method of making phosphoric acid esters by continuously reacting a phosphorus oxyhalide with a polyol to produce at least about 60% normalized monomeric halophosphate intermediate, and then reacting the monomeric halophosphate intermediate with an alcohol to produce a desired phosphoric acid ester is provided. In other embodiments, the reaction of the monomeric halophosphate intermediate with the alcohol can also be carried out continuously. Another aspect of the invention provides a method of making phosphoric acid esters by continuously reacting a phosphorus oxyhalide with a monohydric alcohol to produce at least about 60% normalized monohalomonophosphate diester intermediate, and then reacting the monohalomonophosphate diester intermediate with a polyol to produce a phosphoric acid ester. In other embodiments, the reaction of the monohalomonophosphate diester intermediate with the polyol may also be carried out continuously.

Abstract: Non-aqueous functional fluids are treated to avoid degradation or to recondition degraded fluids by a process which comprises contacting the fluid with an anionic ion-exchange resin and subsequently removing water by vacuum dehydration. The fluids can be restored and maintained at a water content of less than 0.1% w/w and an acid number of less than 0.2 mgKOH/gm. The fluid is preferably a triaryl phosphate based fluid. Treated fluids may exhibit improved properties especially increased resistivity.

Abstract: Concentrated lubricant compositions that, upon dilution, produce emulsions that are useful as lubricants in metal working processes are described. The compositions comprise a substantially neutral phosphate ester and one or more non-ionic surfactants. By appropriate choice of surfactants both microemulsions and macroemulsions can be produced. The emulsions are stable for at least one month at room temperature and offer improved lubricity when used in metal working operations.

Abstract: Concentrated lubricant compositions, dilutable for use in high temperature metal forming processes and containing a triaryl phosphate ester; a non-ionic and/or amphoteric surfactant, an organic sulfur-containing extreme pressure additive, an amine salt of an organic acid, and, optionally, sodium thiosulfate, exhibit improved performance in forming operations and produce parts with less part to part variation.