Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, subsystems, and systems for holographically displaying live scenes including one or more three-dimensional (3D) objects are provided. In one aspect, a system includes a holographic capturing system and a holographic display system. The holographic capturing system includes: an optical system configured to generate an optical hologram of a live scene that comprises one or more three-dimensional (3D) objects, and an optical sensor configured to capture sequential optical holograms of the live scene and output sequential hologram data associated with the sequential optical holograms of the live scene, each optical hologram being associated with respective hologram data. The holographic display system is configured to optically reconstruct the live scene in a 3D space based on at least part of the sequential hologram data.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, subsystems, and systems for holographically displaying three-dimensional objects are provided. In one aspect, a system includes: a display having a plurality of display elements and a driving device coupled to the driving device and configured to: obtain a hologram for the display, wherein the hologram comprises, for each display element of the plurality of display elements, a respective sum of electromagnetic (EM) field contributions of a plurality of primitives corresponding to at least one object to the display element; and generate, for each display element of the plurality of display elements, a respective modulation control signal based on the respective sum of EM field contributions of the plurality of primitives to the display element.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, subsystems, and systems for holographically displaying three-dimensional objects are provided. In one aspect, an optical device includes: an optical guiding device configured to guide light to propagate along a first direction within the optical guiding device, the light including multiple colors of light; an in-coupling diffractive structure configured to diffract the light to propagate in the optical guiding device; and a plurality of out-coupling diffractive structures arranged downstream of the in-coupling diffractive structure along the first direction and configured to diffract at least part of the light out of the optical guiding device along a second direction different from the first direction. The optical device can be configured for at least one of: color crosstalk suppression among the multiple colors of light, display zero order light suppression, dispersion compensation, or ambient light blocking.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, subsystems, and systems for optical measurements are provided, e.g., precise measurement of a geometry of an element such as an angle of an object, a refractive index of a substance, or surface roughness of an uneven surface. In one aspect, a method includes: illuminating light on an object having a first surface extending along a first direction and a second surface extending along a second direction different from the first direction, capturing an interference pattern between a first light beam reflected from the first surface and a second light beam reflected from the second surface, and determining an angle between the first direction and the second direction based on a result of Fourier transform of the captured interference pattern.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, subsystems, and systems for holographically displaying three-dimensional objects are provided. In one aspect, a device includes a plurality of elements arranged in rows and columns and a controller coupled to the plurality of elements, the controller comprising a plurality of driving circuits and a plurality of row scanners. Each of the plurality of elements is coupled to a respective driving circuit of the plurality of driving circuits. The plurality of row scanners include a row scanner having a series of selectors that are arranged in a column between two adjacent columns of elements, each selector of the series of selectors being configured to select a corresponding row of elements through corresponding driving circuits coupled to the corresponding row of elements.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, and systems for displaying three-dimensional objects by individually diffracting different colors of light are provided. In one aspect, an optical device includes: a first optically diffractive component including a first diffractive structure configured to diffract a first color of light having a first incident angle at a first diffracted angle, a second optically diffractive component including a second diffractive structure configured to diffract a second color of light having a second incident angle at a second diffracted angle, a first reflective layer configured to totally reflect the first color of light having the first incident angle and transmit the second color of light, and a second reflective layer configured to totally reflect the second color of light having the second incident angle. The first reflective layer is between the first and second diffractive structures, and the second diffractive structure is between the first and second reflective layers.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, subsystems, and systems for holographically displaying three-dimensional objects are provided. In one aspect, a device includes: an optical guiding device configured to guide light to propagate along a first direction within the optical guiding device, an in-coupling diffractive structure configured to diffract the light to propagate in the optical guiding device, and one or more out-coupling diffractive structures arranged downstream the in-coupling diffractive structure along the first direction and configured to diffract at least part of the light out of the optical guiding device along a second, different direction. The in-coupling diffractive structure is configured to cause a first optical dispersion for the light, and at least one out-coupling diffractive structure is configured to cause a second optical dispersion for the light.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, subsystems, and systems for holographically displaying three-dimensional objects are provided. A system includes a display and a controller. The display includes: a backplane having a plurality of circuits and a plurality of display elements arranged on the backplane. The plurality of display elements form an irregular pattern. Each of the plurality of display elements is coupled to a respective circuit of the plurality of circuits. The controller is coupled to the display and configured to transmit at least one control signal to at least one display element of the display for modulating at least one property of the at least one display element.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, subsystems, and systems for holographically displaying live scenes including one or more three-dimensional (3D) objects are provided. In one aspect, a method includes capturing optical holograms of a live scene, digitizing/processing the optical holograms, and holographically reconstructing the live scene based on the digitized/processed holograms. In another aspect, a method includes capturing images/videos of a live scene, computing corresponding holograms, and holographically reconstructing the live scene based on the computed holograms.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, subsystems, and systems for holographically displaying three-dimensional objects are provided. In one aspect, a device includes at least one processor and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and having instructions executable by the at least one processor to perform operations including: obtaining primitive data of a plurality of primitives corresponding to at least one object based on information of the plurality of primitives, the information of the plurality of primitives comprising respective primitive identifiers of the plurality of primitives; for each primitive of the plurality of primitives, determining an electromagnetic (EM) field contribution to each of a plurality of display elements of a display based on primitive data of the primitive; and for each of the plurality of display elements of the display, generating a sum of the EM field contributions of the plurality of primitives to the display element.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, subsystems, and systems for holographically displaying three-dimensional objects are provided. In one aspect, a computer-implemented method of manipulating data of a plurality of primitives corresponding to at least one object includes: for each of a plurality of vertices of the plurality of primitives, associating a respective vertex identifier of the vertex with respective vertex data of the vertex, and storing the association between the respective vertex identifier and the respective vertex data of the vertex in a memory; and for each of the plurality of primitives, associating a respective primitive identifier of the primitive with one or more respective vertex identifiers of one or more vertices of the primitive in the memory, and storing an association between the respective primitive identifier and the one or more respective vertex identifiers for the primitive in the memory.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, subsystems, and systems for holographically displaying live scenes including one or more three-dimensional (3D) objects are provided. In one aspect, a system includes a holographic capturing system and a holographic display system. The holographic capturing system includes: an optical system configured to generate an optical hologram of a live scene that comprises one or more three-dimensional (3D) objects, and an optical sensor configured to capture sequential optical holograms of the live scene and output sequential hologram data associated with the sequential optical holograms of the live scene, each optical hologram being associated with respective hologram data. The holographic display system is configured to optically reconstruct the live scene in a 3D space based on at least part of the sequential hologram data.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, subsystems, and systems for holographically displaying three-dimensional objects are provided. In one aspect, an optical device includes: an optical guiding device configured to guide light to propagate along a first direction within the optical guiding device; an in-coupling diffractive structure configured to diffract the light to propagate in the optical guiding device; and out-coupling diffractive structures configured to diffract at least part of the light out of the optical guiding device along a second direction different from the first direction. The out-coupling diffractive structures are configured to have gradually increased diffraction efficiencies for the light along the first direction away from the in-coupling diffractive structure.

Abstract: A device includes a backplane and a plurality of elements arranged on the backplane. The plurality of elements form an irregular pattern. The backplane includes a plurality of circuits. The plurality of elements are coupled to the plurality of circuits by conductive vias that are regularly spaced.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, and systems for three-dimensional (3D) displaying objects are provided. In one aspect, a method includes obtaining data including respective primitive data for primitives corresponding to an object, determining an electromagnetic (EM) field contribution to each element of a display for each of the primitives by calculating an EM field propagation from the primitive to the element, generating a sum of the EM field contributions from the primitives for each of the elements, transmitting to each of the elements a respective control signal for modulating at least one property of the element based on the sum of the EM field contributions, and transmitting a timing control signal to an illuminator to activate the illuminator to illuminate light on the display, such that the light is caused by the modulated elements of the display to form a volumetric light field corresponding to the object.

Abstract: A device includes a backplane and a plurality of elements arranged on the backplane. The plurality of elements form an irregular pattern. The backplane includes a plurality of circuits. The plurality of elements are coupled to the plurality of circuits by conductive vias that are regularly spaced.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, and systems for reconstructing three-dimensional objects with display zero order light suppression are provided. In one aspect, a method includes illuminating a display with light, a portion of the light illuminating display elements of the display, and modulating the display elements of the display with a hologram corresponding to holographic data to diffract the portion of the light to form a holographic scene corresponding to the holographic data, and to suppress display zero order light in the holographic scene. The display zero order light can include reflected light from the display.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, and systems for displaying three-dimensional objects by individually diffracting different colors of light are provided. In one aspect, an optically diffractive device includes: first and second diffractive components and a color-selective polarizer therebetween. The first diffractive component is configured to diffract a first color of light in a first polarization state incident at a first incident angle with a first diffraction efficiency at a first diffracted angle, and diffract a second color of light in a second polarization state with a diffraction efficiency substantially less than the first diffraction efficiency. The color-selective polarizer is configured to rotate the second polarization state of the second color of light to the first polarization state.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, and systems for three-dimensional (3D) displaying objects are provided. In one aspect, a method includes obtaining data including respective primitive data for primitives corresponding to an object, determining an electromagnetic (EM) field contribution to each element of a display for each of the primitives by calculating an EM field propagation from the primitive to the element, generating a sum of the EM field contributions from the primitives for each of the elements, transmitting to each of the elements a respective control signal for modulating at least one property of the element based on the sum of the EM field contributions, and transmitting a timing control signal to an illuminator to activate the illuminator to illuminate light on the display, such that the light is caused by the modulated elements of the display to form a volumetric light field corresponding to the object.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, and systems for displaying three-dimensional objects by individually diffracting different colors of light are provided. In one aspect, a system includes a display having a plurality of display elements and an optical device including at least two beam expanders configured to expand an input light beam in at least two dimensions to generate an output light beam to the display by diffracting the input light beam to adjust a beam size of the input light beam in the at least two dimensions, the input light beam including a plurality of different colors of light.