Abstract: An anomaly detection method includes: calculating, for a detection target data stream of consecutive detection target data, distances between the detection target data; extracting features of the detection target data stream using the calculated distances; and calculating anomaly degree information about a degree of anomaly in the detection target data stream using the extracted features. Each extracted feature is made up of L consecutive distances (L is an integer greater than or equal to 2). For each feature extracted, supplementary information for calculating the anomaly degree information is calculated using a difference in the feature. For each of one or more information calculation target windows made up of N detection target data (N is an integer greater than or equal to L+1), the anomaly degree information is calculated using all supplementary information calculated from the N detection target data.

Abstract: A vehicle monitoring apparatus includes: a first communicator that receives specifying information for specifying a target vehicle from a server; and an acquirer that acquires driving information from the target vehicle, the driving information being information regarding driving of the target vehicle specified by the specifying information received by the first communicator. The first communicator transmits the driving information acquired by the acquirer to the server. For example, the acquirer may acquire the driving information obtained from the target vehicle through communication.

Abstract: An image decoder includes circuitry and a memory, wherein the circuitry, in operation, calculates first values of a first partition in a current block, using a first motion vector for the first partition; calculates second values of a second partition in the current block, using a second motion vector for the second partition; calculates third values of a set of pixels between the first partition and the second partition, using the first motion vector; calculates fourth values of the set of pixels, using the second motion vector; and weights the third values and the fourth values. A number of pixels in a row in the set of pixels is two or more, and two or more weights applied to the third values increase along the row.

Abstract: A transmitting method includes: configuring a frame using a plurality of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, by allocating a plurality of transmission data to a plurality of areas; and transmitting the frame. The plurality of areas are each identified by at least one time resource among resources and at least one frequency resource among frequency resources. The frame includes a first period in which a preamble is transmitted, and a second period in which the plurality of transmission data are transmitted by at least one of time division and frequency division. The second period includes a first area, and the first area includes a data symbol generated from first transmission data, a data symbol generated from second transmission data and subsequent to the data symbol generated from the first transmission data, and a dummy symbol subsequent to the data symbol generated from the second transmission data.

Abstract: A control method according to the present disclosure is executed by a first server of servers in a system including one or more IoT devices and the servers. The method includes: obtaining first transaction data including operation notification information and time information from each of the IoT devices, the operation notification information including identification information on the IoT device and a notification indicating that the IoT device is operating, the time information indicating a time when the IoT device has obtained the operation notification information; transferring the obtained first transaction data to second servers different from the first server; executing a first consensus algorithm together with the second servers; and recording a block containing the first transaction data in a distributed ledger of the first server, when the authenticity of the first transaction data is verified by the first consensus algorithm.

Abstract: A reception apparatus includes reception circuitry and decoding circuitry. The reception receives a signal including a legacy header field, an enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) header field, and a data field. The decoding circuitry decodes data included in the data field of the received signal. The legacy header field includes a Length field comprising multiple bits. The reception apparatus is an EDMG terminal, and a subset of the multiple bits of the Length field included in the legacy header field is used to indicate bandwidth over which the signal is transmitted. Remaining bits of the Length field included in the legacy header field are used to indicate data length of the received signal.

Abstract: A base station is disclosed, which is capable of appropriately configuring the timings of data assignment, data transmission and reception, and feedback for a case where the DL and UL sTTI lengths are different from each other. In this base station (100), a transmission section (106) transmits a downlink signal using a first short transmission time interval (sTTI) shortened in length than a TTI and used for downlink; and a reception section (107) receives an uplink signal using a second sTTI shortened in length than the TTI and used for uplink. When the first sTTI is shorter in length than the second sTTI, the reception section (107) receives the uplink signal in the second sTTI positioned after a predetermined interval from the transmission timing of the downlink signal, the predetermined interval being configured based on the length of the first sTTI.

Abstract: Provided is an encoder which includes circuitry and memory. The circuitry encodes an image block using the memory. In encoding the image block, the circuitry: obtains one or more size parameters related to a size of the image block; determines whether the one or more size parameters and one or more thresholds satisfy a determined relationship; encodes a split parameter when the one or more size parameters and the one or more thresholds are determined to satisfy the determined relationship, the split parameter indicating whether the image block is to be split into a plurality of partitions including a non-rectangular partition; and encodes the image block after splitting the image block into the plurality of partitions when the split parameter indicates that the image block is to be split into the plurality of partitions.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides apparatuses and methods for establishing an initial access. The apparatuses include a terminal which comprises a receiver which, in operation, is configured to receive candidate synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel blocks (SSBs) in a synchronization signal (SS) burst set, the candidate SSBs being transmitted within one or more SSB channel occupancy time (SSB COT) from a base station. The terminal further comprises a transmitter which, in operation, is configured to transmit a physical random access channel (PRACH) preamble on a PRACH occasion (RO) to the base station, the RO being associated with one SSB among the received candidate SSBs.

Abstract: A transmission device includes: a first mapper that maps a first bit stream of a first data series to generate a first modulated symbol stream of the first data series; a second mapper that maps a second bit stream of a second data series to generate a second modulated symbol stream of the second data series; a converter that subjects the second modulated symbol stream to conversion in accordance with the first modulated symbol stream; a superposition unit that superposes the first modulated symbol stream and the second modulated symbol stream at a predetermined amplitude ratio to generate a multiplexed signal, the second modulated symbol stream having been subjected to the conversion in accordance with the first modulated symbol stream; and a transmitter that transmits the multiplexed signal.

Abstract: A method for controlling one of a plurality of voting servers in an electronic voting system is provided. The method includes receiving, from a terminal, transaction data including voting data, and generating, using a processor, a block including the transaction data and dummy transaction data. The dummy transaction data including dummy voting data that is not associated with the voting data. The method further connects the generated block to a blockchain, the blockchain being stored in a memory.

Abstract: An encoder includes circuitry and memory coupled to the circuitry. The circuitry, in operation: determines whether a size of a current block, which is a unit for which a vector candidate list including vector candidates is generated, is less than or equal to a threshold; when the size of the current block is less than or equal to the threshold, generates the vector candidate list by registering a history-based motion vector predictor (HMVP) vector candidate in the vector candidate list from an HMVP table without performing a first pruning process; when the size of the current block is greater than the threshold, generates the vector candidate list by performing the first pruning process and registering the HMVP vector candidate in the vector candidate list from the HMVP table; and encodes the current block using the vector candidate list.

Abstract: An encoder that encodes a video includes a processor and memory. Using the memory, the processor: derives a prediction error of an image included in the video, by subtracting a prediction image of the image from the image; determines a secondary transform basis based on a primary transform basis, the primary transform basis being a transform basis for a primary transform to be performed on the prediction error, the secondary transform basis being a transform basis for a secondary transform to be performed on a result of the primary transform; performs the primary transform on the prediction error using the primary transform basis; performs the secondary transform on a result of the primary transform using the secondary transform basis; performs quantization on a result of the secondary transform; and encodes a result of the quantization as data of the image.

Abstract: Various embodiments for controlling a state of an autonomous vehicle that is to meet a user are provided. A receiver receives location information indicating a current location of the user. A memory stores a plurality of states of the autonomous vehicle. Each of the states at least one of visually or audibly distinguishes the autonomous vehicle. A sensor senses an environment of the autonomous vehicle to obtain environment information. A distance from a place of meeting the user to the current location of the user is calculated based on the location information. A first state is selected in accordance with the environment information. The autonomous vehicle is caused to change from a second state to the first state when the distance from the place of meeting the user to the current location of the user becomes smaller than or equal to a predetermined distance.

Abstract: A transmitting multi-link device (MLD) includes circuitry and a transmitter. The circuitry, in operation, constructs an Additional Authentication Data (AAD) and a Nonce, and encapsulates a plaintext medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (MPDU), the AAD, and the Nonce to generate an encapsulated MPDU. The AAD includes an Address 1 (A1) field, to which a recipient MLD's MAC address is set, and an AAD Address 2 (A2) field, to which the transmitting MLD's MAC address is set. The Nonce includes a Nonce Address 2 (A2) field, to which the transmitting MLD's MAC address is set. The transmitter, in operation, transmits the encapsulated MPDU to the recipient MLD on a first link.

Abstract: In a base station, a signal allocating unit allocates downlink control signals (DCI) to a control channel region (CORESET) constituted by a plurality of control channel elements (CCEs), and a transmitting unit transmits the downlink control signals. In this case, the number of resource element groups (REGs) that constitute the CCE is a power of 2, and a bundling size indicating the number of REGs included in the REGs that constitute the CCE and arranged in adjacent resource blocks is a power of 2.

Abstract: An encoder: generates, in an inter prediction mode, a first prediction image of a current block to be processed, based on a derived motion vector; and generates a final prediction image of the current block by applying an update process to the first prediction image. Candidates for the update process include a first process and a second process. The first process is a BDOF process. The second process is a process of mixing the first prediction image with a second prediction image generated in intra prediction for the current block. In the applying of the update process, the first process and the second process are mutually exclusively applied.

Abstract: An encoder which encodes a video including a plurality of pictures includes circuitry and memory. Using the memory, the circuitry performs: encoding a first picture among the plurality of pictures; and performing (i) a first operation for encoding a parameter set for a second picture which follows the first picture in coding order among the plurality of pictures after encoding the first picture, and encoding the second picture after encoding the parameter set, or (ii) a second operation for encoding the second picture without encoding the parameter set after encoding the first picture. The circuitry performs the first operation when the second picture is a determined picture, in the performing of the first operation or the second operation.

Abstract: An information processing method performed using a computer includes: obtaining first vehicle information from a vehicle that is a monitoring target of a monitor, the first vehicle information indicating at least one of a running state and an external state of the vehicle; determining a monitoring priority level of the vehicle according to a degree of request for monitoring the vehicle by the monitor, the degree being based on the first vehicle information; generating presentation information for monitoring the vehicle, based on the monitoring priority level; and causing a presentation device to output the presentation information.

Abstract: A scattering device includes a position detection unit which detects a position of a user passing through a doorway formed between a first space and a second space adjacent to the first space; a scattering direction determination unit which determines a scattering direction in which liquid, powder, or gas is scattered from proximity of the doorway based on the position of the user detected by the position detection unit; and a scattering unit arranged in the proximity of the doorway to scatter the liquid, the powder, or the gas toward the scattering direction determined by the scattering direction determination unit.