Abstract: A microprocessor-based, control unit for analysis of a fluid sample, and for especially biomedical analysis of a body fluid, is provided. Also provided is the combination of a roller assembly and a compartmentalized pouch containing certain chemicals, with the rollers functioning to break rupturable seals of compartments and to push fluids from one compartment to another. Apparatus in accordance with the present invention, is useful, for example, in monitoring urea concentration during dialysis.

Abstract: A dialysis method based upon urea kinetic analysis is provided. An objective of the method is to provide guaranteed dose hemodialysis by optimization of each dialysis treatment. The method does not rely upon dialysis treatments equal in time. The method includes determining a preferred post-dialysis urea concentration for a patient and predicting a time endpoint for the dialysis. Computer automation makes the method advantageous in a large, busy dialysis center.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for enhancing biomaterial biocompatibility. A biocompatibility-enhancing coating is covalently attached to a biomaterial surface through spacer arm-providing molecules previously covalently bonded to the functionalized surface. Also provided are biomaterials of enhanced biocompatibility for applications including blood oxygenator and dialyzer applications.

Abstract: An improved filtration apparatus useful in particular for sampling a bulk, fluid, is provided. Advantageously, the filtration apparatus provides an air gap between a filtrate and the filtration medium. As a result, a bulk fluid is protected against potential contamination from the filtrate side of the filtration medium. Also provided is a technique for reducing filtration medium fouling, and for filtrate collection upon demand. Apparatus in accordance with the present invention, is useful, for example, in conjunction with monitoring urea concentration during dialysis.