Abstract: Methods are disclosed for determining a block error rate (BLER) and determining if the BLER is significantly above, below or on BLER target. The method includes determining a pair of thresholds including an upper threshold and a lower threshold for a predetermined confidence level and determining a threshold in total number of blocks received. The method further includes determining a Required Compensation BLER from a number of bad blocks, a total number of blocks received and a maximum total number of blocks to receive for a purpose of statistical significance; comparing the Required Compensation BLER against the upper and lower threshold to determine if the BLER is significantly above the BLER target, below the BLER target or inconclusive; and, if the threshold in total number of blocks received is reached, then the inconclusive result is reinterpreted as the BLER being on target.

Abstract: A method is disclosed, comprising: in a general packet radio services (GPRS) tunneling protocol (GTP) message to update a GTP tunnel with a traffic flow template (TFT), sending a first opcode in a header of a TFT message; sending a second opcode in a packet filter field of the TFT message; interpreting the first opcode to initiate at least two of creation, deletion, and updating of traffic flow templates (TFTs); and interpreting the second opcode to identify an existing packet filter for adding, replacing, and deleting a packet filter.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for performing training using superimposed pilot subcarriers to determine training data. The training includes starting with a training duration (T) equal to a number of antennas (M) and running a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model using training samples to determine if a testing variance meets a predefined threshold. When the testing variance meets a predefined threshold, then reducing T by one half and repeating the running Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model until the testing variance fails to meet the predefined threshold. When the testing variance fails to meet the predefined threshold, then multiplying T by two and using the new value of T as the new training duration to be used. Generating a run-time model based on the training data, updating the run-time model with new feedback data received from a User Equipment (UE), producing a DL channel estimation from the run-time model; and producing an optimal precoding matrix from the DL channel estimation.

Abstract: A method for X2 interface communication is disclosed, comprising: at an X2 gateway for communicating with, and coupled to, a first and a second radio access network (RAN), receiving messages from the first RAN according to a first X2 protocol and mapping the received messages to a second X2 protocol for transmission to the second RAN; maintaining state of one of the first RAN or the second RAN at the X2 gateway; executing executable code received at an interpreter at the X2 gateway as part of the received messages; altering the maintained state based on the executed executable code; and receiving and decoding an initial X2 message from the first RAN; identifying specific strings in the initial X2 message; matching the identified specific strings in a database of stored scripts; and performing a transformation on the initial X2 message, the transformation being retrieved from the database for stored scripts, the stored scripts being transformations.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for determining an appropriate transmit power of a cell based on a desired coverage distance, comprising: initializing, at a cell, a cell reference signal transmit power at a high power level; broadcasting a cell signal power measure to require a high signal power level for user devices attempting to connect to the cell; progressively lowering the cell signal power measure at the cell; broadcasting the lowered cell signal power measure; deriving a plurality of user equipment (UE) attach request distances based on a plurality of propagation delay statistics derived from UE attach requests received at the cell; comparing the plurality of UE attach request distances against a maximum distance to obtain a number of UE attach requests received from UEs physically located beyond the maximum distance; and setting the cell reference signal transmit power based on the number of UE attach requests received from beyond the maximum distance, thereby iteratively determining an appropriate cell refere

Abstract: A gateway server situated between a radio access network and a core network is disclosed that includes a radio access network packet interface, a load management module for monitoring load of a management server in the core network coupled to the radio access network packet interface, a packet forwarding module for forwarding requests to the management server coupled to the load management module, and a local packet core module coupled to the load management module and the packet forwarding module, the local packet core module being configured to respond to a mobile device, when an overload is detected at the management server, with a management server message requesting that the mobile device try again at a later time.

Abstract: A system is disclosed, comprising: a solar panel; an electric power supply source; a wireless fronthaul access point coupled to a radio mast and in communication with a remote baseband unit, the wireless fronthaul access point further comprising a first millimeter wave wireless interface; a self-organizing network module in communication with a coordinating server; and an antenna-integrated radio for providing access to user equipments (UEs), mounted within line of sight on the radio mast with the wireless fronthaul access point, the antenna-integrated radio further comprising: a second millimeter wave wireless interface configured to receive the digital I and Q signaling information from the remote baseband unit wirelessly via the wireless fronthaul access point, wherein the wireless fronthaul access point thereby wirelessly couples the remote baseband unit and the antenna-integrated radio. Synchronization is used to pack used resource blocks to reduce the duty cycle of the PAs, thereby reducing power.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for tearing down a TCP connection between a transmission control protocol (TCP) client in a radio access network (RAN) and a TCP server, comprising: receiving, at the TCP client, an indication to close the TCP connection; sending, from the TCP client to the TCP server, a TCP segment with a FIN bit set to indicate termination of the TCP connection; and closing, at the TCP client, the TCP connection without waiting for double the maximum segment lifetime period, thereby releasing the radio bearer resources and achieving radio bearer resource optimization.

Abstract: Systems and methods for cell ID disambiguation are described. In one embodiment, a method may be disclosed for constructing a neighbor table, comprising: receiving, at a mobile base station, a physical cell identifier (PCI) of a detected neighbor base station from a user equipment (UE); receiving a global positioning system (GPS) position of the mobile base station; and associating the GPS position of the mobile base station with the PCI of the detected neighbor base station in a neighbor table.

Abstract: This invention discloses a mesh network comprised of at least two dynamic mesh nodes, wherein the two dynamic mesh nodes comprise each a multiple radio access technology architecture, the multiple radio access technology architecture comprising: at least two radio access technologies for providing access to a core network, and an abstraction layer communicatively coupled to the at least two radio access technologies for receiving and converting data into protocol agnostic data, wherein the first and second dynamic mesh nodes are configured to: in response to a query regarding environmental conditions from a computing cloud component, send an environmental condition to the computing cloud component, receive an instruction from the computing cloud in response to the computing cloud component having processed the environmental condition, and change an operational parameter in response to the received instruction.

Abstract: A method is disclosed, comprising: configuring, based on hardware characteristics of a radio access device, a first security certificate; setting up a first encrypted tunnel with a first security server using the first security certificate, the first security server configured to grant permission via the first security certificate for obtaining a second security certificate providing access to an operator core network; tearing down the first encrypted tunnel; and setting up a second encrypted tunnel to a second security server within the operator core network using the second security certificate, the second encrypted tunnel configured to allow the radio access device to securely communicate with the operator core network for providing connectivity for user devices to the operator core network, wherein the first encrypted tunnel and the second encrypted tunnel to use a single transport port to obtain the second security certificate via the first encrypted tunnel.

Abstract: A method for Xx/Xn interface communication is disclosed, comprising: at an Xx/Xn gateway for communicating with, and coupled to, a first and a second radio access network (RAN), receiving messages from the first RAN according to a first Xx/Xn protocol and mapping the received messages to a second Xx/Xn protocol for transmission to the second RAN; maintaining state of one of the first RAN or the second RAN at the Xx/Xn gateway; executing executable code received at an interpreter at the Xx/Xn gateway as part of the received messages; altering the maintained state based on the executed executable code; and receiving and decoding an initial Xx/Xn message from the first RAN; identifying specific strings in the initial Xx/Xn message; matching the identified specific strings in a database of stored scripts; and performing a transformation on the initial Xx/Xn message, the transformation being retrieved from the database for stored scripts, the stored scripts being transformations.

Abstract: The use of wireless backhaul poses special challenges for in-vehicle base stations. Users that are connected to an in-vehicle base station expect continuous service, even as the in-vehicle base station passes in and out of different wireless backhaul coverage zones, such as when a train passes from a train station with good coverage to a tunnel with poor coverage. The base station thus needs seamless backhaul handover. A system that enables an in-vehicle base station to receive continuous service across different backhaul coverage zones is needed. To solve this problem, a system enabling handover is described. The system involves double-tunneling mobile device data packets in an ESP-UDP IPsec tunnel encapsulated in a GTP-U tunnel. Traffic is transmitted from a mobile device to a specially configured base station that encapsulates mobile device data packets and sends them to the network via wireless backhaul using an LTE UE modem connection.

Abstract: Systems and methods for cell ID disambiguation are described. In one embodiment, a method may be disclosed for constructing a neighbor table, comprising: receiving, at a mobile base station, a physical cell identifier (PCI) of a detected neighbor base station from a user equipment (UE); receiving a global positioning system (GPS) position of the mobile base station; and associating the GPS position of the mobile base station with the PCI of the detected neighbor base station in a neighbor table.

Abstract: A receiver performing a half cyclic prefix (CP) shift on received subframes is disclosed, comprising: an analog to digital conversion (ADC) module; a cyclic prefix (CP) removal module coupled to the ADC module configured to retain a portion of cyclic prefix samples; a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module configured to receive samples from the cyclic prefix removal module, and to perform a FFT procedure on the received samples using a FFT window, the FFT window being shifted ahead based on the retained portion of cyclic prefix samples, to output an orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) symbol; and a rotation compensation module coupled to the FFT module, the rotation compensation module configured to perform phase de-rotation of the OFDM symbol.

Abstract: A gateway situated between the RAN and the core network may provide 2G/3G/4G/Wi-Fi convergence for nodes in a network on a plurality of radio access technologies. In some embodiments, a convergence gateway is described that allows for legacy radio access network functions to be provided by all-IP core network nodes. A multi-RAT gateway provides 2G/3G Iuh to IuPS interworking, IuCS to VoLTE interworking via a VoLTE proxy, IuPS and 4G data local breakout or S1-U interworking, and 2G A/IP and Gb/IP to VoLTE and S1-U/local breakout interworking. The multi-RAT gateway may thereby support all voice calls via VoLTE, and all data over S1 or local breakout, including VoLTE. The multi-RAT gateway may provide self-organizing network (SON) capabilities for all RATs. A multi-RAT base station may provide 2G and 3G front-end interworking to Iuh.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for enabling a mesh network node to switch from a base station role to a user equipment role relative to a second mesh network node, and vice versa. By switching roles in this manner, the mesh network node may be able to benefit from increased uplink or downlink speed in the new role. This role reversal technique is particularly useful when using wireless protocols such as LTE that are asymmetric and allow differing throughput on uplink and downlink connections. Methods for determining whether to perform role reversal are disclosed, and methods for using role reversal in mesh networks comprising greater than two nodes are also disclosed.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for a 3G gateway. In one embodiment, a system is disclosed, comprising a gateway situated between a 3G radio access network (RAN) and a core network, the gateway providing resource management for a nodeB, and providing routing and node management for another base station, wherein the base station may be configured to provide, as a virtual RNC, radio resource control, power control, ciphering, and multiplexing of multiple users onto a transmission path for a first mobile device attached to the nodeB; the gateway may be configured to relay traffic for a second mobile device attached to the base station; and the gateway may be configured to relay traffic to the core network from both the nodeB and the base station via an IuCS interface and an IuPS interface.

Abstract: Systems and methods for an in-vehicle base station are described. In one embodiment, a mobile base station is disclosed comprising a first access radio for providing an access network inside and outside a vehicle; a second backhaul radio for providing a backhaul connection to a macro cell; and a global positioning system (GPS) module for determining a location of the mobile base station, and for transmitting the location of the mobile base station to a core network, wherein a transmit power of the first access radio is configured to increase or decrease based on a speed of the vehicle.

Abstract: A system for an enhanced X2 interface in a mobile operator core network is disclosed, comprising: a Long Term Evolution (LTE) core network packet data network gateway (PGW); an evolved NodeB (eNodeB) connected to the LTE PGW; a Wi-Fi access point (AP) connected to the LTE PGW via a wireless local area network (WLAN) gateway; and a coordinating node positioned as a gateway between the LTE PGW and the eNodeB, and positioned as a gateway between the LTE PGW and the Wi-Fi AP, the coordinating node further comprising: a network address translation (NAT) module; and a protocol module for communicating to the eNodeB and the Wi-Fi AP to request inter-radio technology (inter-RAT) handovers of a user equipment (UE) from the eNodeB to the Wi-Fi AP and to forward packets intended for the UE from the eNodeB to the Wi-Fi AP.