Abstract: An aqueous acidic treating solution and process for forming a chromium-containing passivate coating on the surface of zinc or zinc-aluminum alloys to enhance bare corrosion resistance and inhibit discoloration thereof upon exposure to ambient environments. The treating solution contains as its essential constituents, chromium ions, nitrate ions, phosphate ions.

Abstract: Described is a composition capable of stripping protective and/or decorative coatings from a substrate comprising:a major amount of a chlorinated hydrocarbon having from one to four carbon atoms;a minor amount of a carboxylic acid accelerator useful for accelerating removal of the coating; andan effective amount of a penetrating nitrogen containing amine oxide surfactant.The compositions are effective for stripping protective coatings as acrylic resins, epoxy resins, vinyl resins, polyester resins and polyurethane resins at ambient temperature.

Abstract: A method for increasing the resistance to alkaline dissolution of a phosphate conversion coating on a corrodible metal surface by an improved zinc phosphate conversion coating together with articles coated by this method are disclosed. The substrate is exposed to the phosphating solution by spraying or immersion to chemically effect a reaction with the substrate. First divalent metal cations are selected from magnesium and transition metals having a hydroxide with lower solubility in alkaline solution than zinc hydroxide. The other source of necessary metal cations is zinc and its cations are herein termed second divalent metal cations. In the preferred embodiment, the first divalent metal cations comprise aobut 84 to about 94 mole percent of the total first and second divalent metal cations in the bath.

Abstract: A method for increasing the resistance to alkaline dissolution of a phosphate conversion coating on a corrodible metal surface by an improved zinc phosphate conversion coating together with articles coated by this method are disclosed. The substrate is exposed to the phosphating solution by spraying or immersion to chemically effect a reaction with the substrate. First divalent metal cations are selected from magnesium and transition metals having a hydroxide with lower solubility in alkaline solution than zinc hydroxide. The other source of necessary metal cations is zinc and its cations are herein termed second divalent metal cations. In the preferred embodiment, the first divalent metal cations comprise about 84 to about 94 mole percent of the total first and second divalent metal cations in the bath.

Abstract: Disclosed is an aqueous metal treatment composition comprising: (a) a hexavalent chromium compound; (b) a compound selected from the group consisting of silica and silicates and mixtures thereof and (c) phosphate. Preferably, the composition also comprises trivalent chromium compound and the respective weight ratios of hexavalent chromium, trivalent chromium, compound selected from the group consisting of silica and silicates and mixtures thereof, and phosphate to 1.0 total chromium by weight are from about 0.6 to 1.0; from 0.0 to about 0.4; from about 0.5 to about 5.0; and from about 0.1 to about 5.0, respectively. A metal surface can be coated with the aqueous metal treatment composition and then cured to provide a coated metal product having good corrosion resistance, paint adhesion characteristics and formability.

Abstract: A composition and process for treating ferrous substrates including black plate container bodies to inhibit in-process corrosion or rusting of the surfaces thereof by contacting the ferrous substrate with aqueous acidic composition containing controlled effective amounts of aluminum, fluoride, optionally a second metal selected from the group consisting of zirconium, titanium, hafnium and mixtures thereof and hydrogen ions to provide a pH on the acid side.

Abstract: A process for controlling the zinc or zinc and nickel content of a zinc phosphate conversion coating solution employs the addition of EDTA and titration with calcium ion using a calcium ion electrode. Preferably to a second sample is added EDTA and a thioglycolate and the same titration conducted to obtain the concentration of nickel ion for direct control purposes.

Abstract: An aqueous alkaline cleaning composition and process for cleaning aluminum container surfaces in a manner to inhibit objectionable white-etch staining during prolonged cleaning cycles and brown oxide discoloration during prolonged rinse cycles in which the cleaning solution contains an alkalinity agent or agents present in an amount sufficient to remove aluminum fines from the surfaces thereof, a complexing agent present in an amount to complex at least some of the metal ions in the cleaning solution which tend to form insoluble precipitates and at least one surfactant present in an amount sufficient to remove organic soils from the surfaces being cleaned and to suppress the formation of white-etch staining of the surfaces during prolonged cleaning cycles. The surfactant or blend of surfactants employed are further characterized by at least one having a Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance (HLB ratio) of at least about 12.

Abstract: An alkaline cleaner particularly useful for cleaning steel cans containing an alkali metal silicate, an alkali metal phosphate, a sequestering agent, an ethoxylated linear alcohol and a chloride derivative of a polyethoxylated phenol or a polyethoxylated aliphatic alcohol.

Abstract: In a process for maintaining a given zinc content in nickel-containing zinc phosphate baths,(a) nickel is precipitated in a bath sample by addition of dimethylglyoxime, a soluble copper complex compound is added and the liquid is then titrated against a copper-sensitive electrode, for determining the zinc content, with a volumetric solution containing a complexing agent for zinc and copper;(b) the automatic metering of zinc-containing supplementary concentrate is then regulated on the basis of the deviation, ascertained in this way, from the given zinc content (prescribed value).

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved method for coating a zinc surface comprising treating said surface with an aqueous, acidic solution containing:(a) about 0.5 to about 4 percent phosphate ion;(b) an ion selected from the group consisting of zinc ions, manganese ions, and mixtures thereof, said ions being present at a level sufficient to form dihydrogen phosphate with substantially all of said phosphate ions; and(c) about 0.01 to about 1 percent complex fluoride ions; wherein the weight:weight ratio of complex fluoride ions:chloride ions in said solution is at a value of about 8:1 or greater.It is preferred that the ratio complex of fluoride ion to chloride ion (F.sup.- :Cl.sup.-) in said solution to be maintained at a value of greater than about 8:1, preferably greater than about 10:1, and more preferably greater than about 14:1.

Abstract: In a process for phosphating composite metals containing steel and zinc surfaces using phosphating solutions based on zinc phosphate by the dipping process, in order to achieve satisfactory formation of the phosphate layer, the composite metals are subjected to preliminary dipping for a maximum of 30 seconds in a phosphating solution based on zinc phosphate in order to initiate the formation of the phosphate layer, and are then conveyed to the main dip-phosphating zone.It is advantageous to spray the composite metals with a phosphating solution based on zinc phosphate while they are being conveyed from the preliminary to the main dip-phosphating zone, and it is advisable to limit the duration of the conveying and thus of the spraying treatment to a maximum of 30 seconds.

Abstract: An improved process for activating metal surfaces prior to a phosphating treatment whereby relatively thin, dense, fine-sized and uniform crystalline adherent phosphate coatings are produced providing superior corrosion protection and paint adherence when coated substrates are subjected to cyclical temperature and ambient environments typifying normal service conditions. To prepare the aqueous activating solution, a dry activating composition is prepared which is adapted to be dispersed in water at a controlled concentration and which comprises a mixture of about 60 to about 90% by weight of a particulated dried reaction product of a titanium-containing compound and sodium phosphate compound containing at least about 0.005% by weight titanium with the balance comprising tetrasodium pyrophosphate. The dry activating composition is dispersed in the aqueous solution to provide a total concentration of from about 0.1 to about 10 g/l.

Abstract: A method for determining the coating weight and composition of a zinc phosphate coating on a ferrous metal surface comprises stripping the coating from a known area using an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and triethanolamine, thereafter measuring the iron and phosphate contents by colorimetric analysis of the stripping solution and then determining the coating weight and composition based on such measurements.

Abstract: A stable water soluble epoxy resin suitable for use as a coating material is made by grafting an acid functional vinyl monomer onto unsaturated functional sites on an epoxy resin backbone.

Abstract: A metal surface is treated by contacting the surface with a solution comprising an effective amount of a soluble or dispersible treatment compound selected from the group consisting of a polymer having the following general formula, acid salts thereof, and mixtures thereof: ##STR1## where: R.sub.1 through R.sub.3 are hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 to about 5 carbon atoms;each Y is hydrogen, Z, CR.sub.4 R.sub.5 OR.sub.6, CH.sub.2 Cl, or an alkyl or aryl group having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms;Z is ##STR2## R.sub.4 through R.sub.10 are hydrogen, or an alkyl, aryl, hydroxy-alkyl, amino-alkyl, mercapto-alkyl or phospho-alkyl moiety, said R.sub.4 through R.sub.10 being of carbon chain lengths up to a length at which the compound is not soluble or dispersible; andn is from 2 up to a number at which the polymer is not soluble or dispersible.Preferably, the solution is an aqueous solution and "Z" moieties are present in sufficient amount that the compound is water soluble or water dispersible.

Abstract: Iron and steel articles to be subjected to a cold forming operation are treated with a phosphatizing solution to form a zinc phosphate film on the surface, which film contains from about 5 to 80% by weight of the total film of zinc calcium phosphate. Thereafter, a soap type lubricant coating is applied to the zinc phosphate film. Preferably, the zinc phosphate film is formed on the surface by treating it with a phosphatizing solution which comprises from about 0.1 to about 0.35% by weight calcium ion, from about 0.1 to about 1.5% by weight zinc ion, from about 0.5 to about 3.0% by weight PO.sub.4, and from about 3.0 to about 5.0% by weight nitrate ion, which solution has a weight ratio of calcium ions:zinc ions of about 0.1-1.0:1 and a weight ratio of nitrate ions:PO.sub.4 of about 1.0-5.0:1. One or more of nickel, copper or cobalt ions may also be included in the phosphatizing solution in a total amount of from about 0.01 to about 0.2% by weight of the solution.

Abstract: A composition for forming paint-base coatings on aluminum comprising an aqueous solution having a pH of from about 9 to about 12.5 and containing an effective coating forming amount of a complexing agent which has at least one of a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons and a carboxylate group, which solution is substantially free of components which inhibit the coating formation. Aluminum surfaces are treated with the this solution to form a paint-base coating having a thickness of at least about 0.05 g/m.sup.2 and, thereafter, a paint or similar siccative coating is applied to the surface without the prior application of chromate or other conventional paint-base coating forming materials.

Abstract: An aqueous acidic zinc phosphate coating composition for treating a metal surface to provide a conversion coating thereon, the composition comprising chlorate anion and an aromatic nitro anion in a weight ratio of less than 2:1 to about 1:10.

Abstract: An improved composition and process for denaturing or "killing" captured high-solids paint particles in aqueous wash solutions employed in gas scrubbing devices such as paint spray booths for extracting entrained particulated contaminants from the exhaust air stream. The invention is based on the discovery of adding and dispersing wash solution insoluble particles of a relatively fine particle size in such aqueous wash solutions in amounts which are effective to coact with and coagulate the captured high-solids paint particles entrained in the wash solution effecting a denaturing thereof and converting them from a sticky adherent consistency to a nontacky putty-like consistency whereby they remain entrained in the wash solution and subsequently can be extracted by flotation and skimming.