Abstract: Ducting is described. The ducting is for use with: a high pressure turbocharger (HPT) having a HPT exhaust gas outlet, and a low pressure turbocharger (LPT) having an LPT exhaust gas inlet. The ducting comprises first and second ducts (LPT). The first duct has a first duct inlet that is connectable to the HPT exhaust gas outlet and a first duct outlet that is connectable to the LPT exhaust gas inlet. The second duct has a second duct inlet for wastegate gases from a wastegate of the and a second duct outlet located within the first duct. The second duct comprises an elongate second duct portion which is a length of the second duct located within the first duct. The second duct portion comprises the second duct outlet and is arranged such that the second duct outlet is pointed towards the first duct outlet.

Abstract: A speed-determining system in an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The internal combustion engine includes a crankshaft, a camshaft, and an engine control module (ECM). The system includes a first gear that rotates with the crankshaft and a second gear attached to the camshaft. At least one idler gear is operatively meshed with the first gear and the second gear. A fuel pump gear, meshed with the idler gear, is driven proportionally to the first gear and the second gear. The fuel pump gear includes a transversal face, a circumferential lip portion, and a number of notches along the circumferential lip portion. A proximity sensor, in communication with the ECM, is spaced from the second gear. A rotation of the fuel pump gear moves the notches relative to the proximity sensor, triggering the proximity sensor to register movement of the fuel pump gear and calculate at least a camshaft speed.