Abstract: In a mobile unit housing a two-way communications subsystem and a satellite positioning system (SPS) receiver subsystem, the communications subsystem includes a training signal generator for generating a training signal mimicing a positioning signal transmitted by a remote SPS transmitter. The training signal is frequency-coupled to a reference frequency source contained within and used by the communications subsystem, which source is, itself, stabilized by means of communication with a remote station, e.g. a base station in a cellular telephone system. In a training sequence, the training signal is activated and coupled into the SPS receiver subsystem, and a replica signal generator for generating a carrier replica signal for position-fixing purposes is controlled so as to bring the carrier replica signal into aliment with the training signal. Information representative of the control setting of the replica signal generator corresponding to such alignment is stored.

Abstract: Positioning apparatus for use in a moving vehicle includes circuitry arranged to process signals received from GPS satellites, and to provide signals in response thereto from which the position of the apparatus can be calculated at a remote station. The apparatus provides, for each satellite in view, carrier frequency estimation signals, samples of the carrier signals and code tracking signals to a data transmission device, which modulates the signals onto a carrier prior to transmission to the remote station. A carrier loop reconstruction device and a location processor in the remote station cooperate to determine the location of the positioning apparatus. A memory device at the remote station may record the signals received from the vehicle over a period of time, for subsequent carrier loop reconstruction and location determination.

Abstract: Apparatus for receiving ranging signals (e.g. signals from Global Positioning System satellites) has a receiver coupled to a plurality of spaced antennas. The receiver includes a signal combiner which receives, from a processing circuit, signal components individually representative of a characteristic of the received ranging signals (e.g. signal-to-noise ratio) at a respective antenna and weights the said components to produce a range estimate of improved accuracy in difficult reception conditions. In one embodiment receiver includes a common i.f. channel which filters a combination signal representative of all the incoming signals in order substantially to maintain phase coherence between the incoming signals, yielding improvements in carrier phase measurement and discrimination.