Abstract: The present invention provides a system for managing data based on a hierarchical data store and a method of operating the same. The data management system according to one embodiment of the present invention may include a data uploader for obtaining original data from one or more data sources, converting the obtained original data into corresponding lightweight data through lightweighting processing, and uploading the lightweight data to a lightweight data store and a data tracer for updating the upload location of specific original data in a mapping table in response to detecting that the specific original data is uploaded to an original data store. The data management system may efficiently reduce network costs required for data upload and infrastructure construction costs required for data sharing.