Abstract: A data exchange system includes a plurality of data processing partners which communicate with each other via a common bus. Access to communication is sequentially transferred from one partner to another by the generation of an access-passing-on message which is transmitted via the common data bus. The access-passing-on message includes a source address identifying the address of the baton passing or token passing partner and a destination address identifying the address of that partner which is next to receive access to communication. If, after receiving access to communication, a partner has data available for transmission, it transmits a data information message including an address block identifying the type of information being transmitted and at least one data information block containing the data being transmitted.

Abstract: The specification discloses a method for connecting first and second transmitters, each containing its own oscillator, in parallel and to first and second aerial halves, respectively. A phase difference signal representative of the phase difference between the two signals generated by the transmitters and applied to respective aerial halves is generated. The phase of the signal generated by one of the transmitters is adjusted by means of a reactance circuit in the oscillator of the transmitter as a function of the phase difference signal. The oscillator of the remaining transmitters is permitted to oscillate independent of the phase difference signal.

Abstract: A resonator for a high frequency electromagnetic oscillator is disclosed. The resonator includes a hollow cylinder formed of a material having a low dielectric constant and a dielectric wire formed of a material having a higher dielectric constant and located within the cylinder. The dielectric wire has a length similar to that of an open half-wire coaxial resonator or a whole number of multiples thereof. The dimensions of the wire are chosen as a function of the dielectric constants of the hollow cylinder in the dielectric wire as well as the desired resonant frequency such that a standing TEM-wave is established in the hollow cylinder and a E.sub.0m -wave (circular magnetic field, m=1,2,3 . . . ) is established in said wire.

Abstract: The efficiency of the transmitter modulator stage of the type in which an anode current I.sub.a of the modulator tube varies as a function of the grid voltage U.sub.g in accordance with the expression I.sub.a =k.multidot.U.sub.g.sup.m, m.apprxeq.=1.5, in which k is a material constant is improved by introducing a deaccentuator into the transmitter circuit. The deaccentuator functions to cause the anode current I.sub.a to vary in accordance with the equation I.sub.a =k[h(U.sub.E).sup.n ].sup.m, where h and n are constants and U.sub.E is the signal applied to the input of the deaccentuator and n=1/m so that I.sub.a =k.multidot.h.sup.m .multidot.U.sub.E is a linear function.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the automatic matching of a transmitter to an antenna is disclosed. A voltage signal proportional to the square root of the load impedance of the final stage of the transmitter is compared to a signal which is proportional to the square root of the nominal value of the final stage load impedance and the difference is used as the criteria for tuning a load coupling coil connecting the final stage of the transmitter to the antenna.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for encoding transmitted data and decoding the data at a receiving facility. The data is divided into elements of equal length. Each element is assigned an age number having a value within a prescribed range. The age value determines the number of delay intervals experienced by each element before being transmitted. Delays of the proper length are obtained by the use of storage elements. Age numbers are assigned arbitrarily. The age numbers are incremented upon the passage of each delay interval. Values within the aforementioned range are randomly generated. A data element is removed from storage and transmitted when: (1) its age number compares with the randomly generated value; or (2) when its age number reaches the extreme value; or (3) when its age number is zero. A new element is placed in storage simultaneously with the removal of an element therefrom.At the receiver end elements are stored and their age numbers are incremented upon the occurrence of each delay interval.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing the mean-frequency and modulation slope of a frequency controlled oscillator used for generating PSK signals is disclosed. A control signal representative of the phase deviation between the PKS signal and a reference signal representative of the base frequency of the carrier signal is generated. The control signal is directly utilized to stabilize the mean-frequency of the PSK signal generated by the frequency controlled oscillator. After the control signal is inverted as a function of a data signal whose information is to be carried by the PSK signal, it is utilized to stabilize the modulation slope of the PSK signal.

Abstract: A TT coupler for use in fiber optics data transmission systems wherein the incoming light to the coupler passes to both the receiver of the subscriber station and through the coupler lead toward the next subscriber station in succession in a ratio controlled by the design and geometry of the coupler. Signals not addressed to that station are identified as such by the receiver for that station and are regenerated and/or amplified and then passed to the transmitter for that station to be returned into the appropriate portion of the aforesaid coupler. The failure of one or even several receiver-transmitter facilities in succession will not degrade the system to the level of becoming inoperative due to the coupler design and its interaction with the receiver-transmitter facility at each subscriber station.Means are provided for monitoring signal strength at each station and for providing necessary amplification in cases where it is so required.

Abstract: A detection circuit for remote release apparatus is disclosed which monitors a circuit carrying high-voltage between two connection points A and B and disconnects the circuit from the rest of a high-voltage network by automatically opening two power switches when a short circuit is detected. The ground fault protection system includes a pair of power switches for disconnecting points A and B from the remainder of a high-voltage network when a fault is detected in the high-voltage carrying circuit. A different one of a pair of detection circuits are associated with each point A and B. Each detection circuit causes both power switches to open when a fault is detected. The fault detection circuit associated with point A detects faults occurring in the high-voltage carrying circuit at any location extending from point A to at least one-half a distance to point B.

Abstract: The known process for transmitting two or more audio signals over a single transmission channel by eliminating alternate small segments from a first signal and filling the gaps with alternate small segments of a second signal and then filling in the gaps in the received signals with repeated segments, is found to be significantly improved with respect to comprehension or understandability, etc., if the audio signals are divided into a low frequency subband and one or more high frequency subbands and if the lowest frequency subband is transmitted substantially continuously while the higher frequency subbands are segmented and transmitted as before. Processes and apparatuses for splitting the audible signals into high and low frequency subbands and for treating the signals both on the sending and receiving sides to take advantage of the above discovery are disclosed.

Abstract: A watery sludge is at least partially dehydrated by a heat treatment which includes an electrolytic heat treatment, and thereupon is subjected to a dielectric high-frequency treatment, with the result that the sludge is converted to a friable pasteurized dried "mud.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are disclosed whereby messages are encoded by message element exchangers which utilize a delay device for transposing selected pairs of message elements so that the first element of the pair undergoes a delay 2T and the remaining message element of the pair experiences no delay. Message elements not treated in pairs undergo a delay T. The delay T is an integral multiple of the duration of a message element (said elements preferably being of equal length T.sub.0). Transmitted messages which have undergone selective transposition are decoded in a similar fashion, whereby the undelayed message element of a pair undergoes a delay 2T, the remaining element of the pair undergoes no delay and messages elements not treated in pairs undergo a delay T.Exchangers of dissimilar delay periods may be connected in cascade to enhance the number of possible delay displacements which message elements may undergo.