Abstract: An elastic waveguide, for propagating acoustic waves, consists of an elongated solid core region and an elongated solid outer cladding region. The acoustic waves propagate in a mode where the principle particle displacement is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the waveguide, this mode is called longitudinal mode. The material densities and the bulk shear wave velocities of the core and cladding region are substantially the same but the bulk longitudinal wave velocity of the cladding region is larger than that of the core region.

Abstract: An elevator comprising a rotating cylinder having a resilient surface, and an endless belt that engages a circumferential segment of the cylinder. Articles are captured between the resilient surface and the belt as they come into contact and are released when they separate at an elevated position.One use envisaged for the invention is an elevator for a potato harvester for elevating potatoes from the digging bed to a height suitable for loading onto a vehicle.

Abstract: The group B polysaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis is chemically modified to enhance the immune response thereto, thereby providing cross-reactive antibodies of high affinity. The N-acetyl group of the sialic acid residues of the polysaccharide has been substituted by the N-propionyl group, and this modified antigen then conjugated to a physiologically-acceptable protein such as tetanus toxoid. This conjugate vaccine has been found to raise high titers of high affinity group B IgG antibodies and would be useful against meningitis caused by group B N. meningitidis or by E. coli KI organisms.

Abstract: This disclosure presents an alternative, improved approach to the RF only quadrupole mass spectrometers. The ions whose masses place them near the stability limit for a given operating voltage and RF frequency, can be strongly influenced by the application of a very small dc voltage to the quadrupole rods. If this voltage is modulated at a low frequency (typically a few hundred hertz), the (a,q) values will pass alternately through the stability boundary and ions will be transmitted with the imposed frequency. The advantages of the new approach are two-fold (a) lock-in amplifier synchronous detection schemes can be used. These give improved signal/noise ratios. Background noise due to photons, soft X-rays or excited neutrals--often a problem in quadrupole mass filters--will not be modulated and will not be detected. (b) Higher resolution can be achieved.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with the selective production of ethyl acetate and acetaldehyde by microorganisms, for example of the genus Candida and of the genus Hansenula. Ethyl acetate or acetaldehyde may be produced by altering the concentration of ethanol in the medium.

Abstract: This invention concerns dewatering peat by heating it and subjecting it to a surface active agent, preferably a cationic polymeric surface active agent and subsequently pressing the product to yield a peat product with lowered moisture content.

Abstract: Oil sands and similar hydrocarbon-solids mixtures are separated into their components by steps comprising: mixing with a solvent for the hydrocarbon in an extraction-contacting stage including a controlled light milling action, in the presence of hydrophilic bridging liquid, under selected conditions favoring the formation of large agglomerates of substantially all hydrophilic solids; controlling the milling action to break down continuously the agglomerates so that at equilibrium the agglomerate size is much smaller than expected; separating the agglomerates from the concentrated hydrocarbon solution and stripping solvent from this solution to leave hydrocarbon product; washing the agglomerates with solvent and recycling this dilute wash solution preferably to the extraction-contacting; desolventizing the agglomerates and recycling solvent preferably to the wash stage.

Abstract: Sacrificial agents employed in methods of obtaining oil from rock formations by surfactant flooding comprising oxidized and/or chlorinated lignin and lignin-like derivatives obtained form inexpensive and readily available sources. In one form of the invention such derivatives present in E-stage wood pulp bleach plant effluent are concentrated by the use of macroporous resins, reverse osmosis or membrane dialysis. In another form of the invention, new sources of the derivatives are provided from forest industry by-products. In a further form of the invention, the derivatives are complexed with iron which significantly improves the sacrificial agent activity of the derivatives. Such sacrificial agents reduce the amount of expensive surfactant required in the oil recovery method.

Abstract: A method, and air sampler concentrator, for sampling and detecting trace quantities of amine vapors in ambient atmospheres, are described. Atmospheres containing vapors of amines, particularly aralkyl amines such as amphetamines, are sampled and vapors collected in a concentrator having two adsorber components, one a polymeric adsorbent for amines and the other a selected alkaline adsorbent. Collected vapors are thermally desorbed in stages and the amine vapors analyzed by gas chromatography. The concentrator and method are very suitable for detecting trace amount of amine drugs and alkyl or arylalkyl amine vapors found in some industrial work environments.

Abstract: A small linearly polarized adaptive array antenna for communication systems is disclosed. The directivity and pointing of the antenna beam can be controlled electronically in both the azimuth and elevation planes. The antenna has low RF loss and operates over a relatively large communications bandwidth. It consists, essentially, of a driven .lambda./4 monopole surrounded by an array of coaxial parasitic elements, all mounted on a ground plane of finite size. The parasitic elements are connected to the ground plane via pin diodes or equivalent switching means. By applying suitable biasing voltage, the desired parasitic elements can be electrically connected to the ground plane and made highly reflective, thereby controlling the radiation pattern of the antenna.

Abstract: A process of recausticizing kraft green liquor in which the green liquor containing sodium carbonate is passed in a stream in admixture with particles comprising slaked lime, in which stream the liquid phase becomes progressively weaker in sodium carbonate and stronger in sodium hydroxide. Lime is added in order to provide a continuous supply of slaked lime for reaction with the sodium carbonate, and the stream is passed to a solids/liquid separator which recovers liquid phase from said stream, strong in NaOH, continuously and separately from the solid phase of the stream, as white liquor. The rate of the recausticizing reaction is limited by the rate of diffusion of carbonate ion into the solid particles, and of hydroxyl ion out of the solid particles. Typically, these rates limit the amount of causticizing achieved to less than the equilibrium value.

Abstract: Materials of particular utility in separating hydrocarbon values from mineral deposits, e.g. bitumen from tar sands, are prepared by a microbiological fermentation process using certain selected microorganisms. The fermentation process is conducted under aerobic conditions, with the selected microorganisms growing on a hydrocarbon substrate. The materials have surfactant properties, in greater or lesser degree. The materials may be subsequently separated from the fermentation broth, or alternatively the broth may be used as is, since it contains relatively large proportions of suitable separation effecting materials.

Abstract: A fuel blend comprising tall oil and mineral and/or vegetable oil, and a process for making such a fuel blend. The process comprises heating a mixture of from 10 to 90 percent crude tall oil with the balance being mineral and/or vegetable oil to a temperature ranging from 35.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C. for a period of time sufficient to agglomerate the lignin-like dispersed substances in the mixture. The agglomerated lignin-like substances are then separated from the mixture. The fuel blend of the present invention has a significantly reduced total volume of remaining solids, positively influencing the life of the fuel filters when used in internal combustion engines.

Abstract: The luminaire for a prism light guide system consists of a longitudinal hollow structure made of transparent dielectric material. The structure has inner and outer surfaces which are in octature, and at least a portion of one outer surface that has a light release mechanism. The light release mechanisms include a non-planar surface, a rough outer surface, or round corners in a corrugated outer surface. The luminaire can further include a device positioned within the hollow structure for increasing the divergence angle .theta. of the light. It can consist of a diffusion screen or a mirror. Some of the walls may also be covered by a reflective material to redirect any escaping light back into them.

Abstract: An aqueous phase continuous, fuel slurry is claimed, and its method of production from agglomerates consisting essentially of carbonaceous particles, agglomerating oil and residual water. The slurry may be formed by thoroughly mixing with agglomerates an agglomerate dispersing and coal/oil/water system interfacial tension reducing agent with the agglomerates so that the agglomerates are broken down and an aqueous phase continuous fuel slurry is formed containing residual, oil produced flocs from the agglomerates and having an oil content of the fuel slurry no greater than 10 weight % of the solids content of the fuel slurry. The solids content of the fuel slurry is in the range of the order of 50 weight % and of the order of 80 weight % of the total weight of the fuel slurry, and is preferably in the range of the order of 65 weight % to of the order of 70 weight %.

Abstract: A method and machine for removing blockage and silt from abandoned auger holes preparatory to mining a portion of the remaining ore or preparatory to the placement of charges in said holes. Initially, the highwall is faced up by removing blockage proximate and external to the auger hole as with conventional earth moving equipment. The blockage from within the mouth of the auger hole is removed to expose blockage deposited within the auger hole at locations spaced from the auger hole mouth. Blockage at locations spaced from the auger hole mouth is removed by a apparatus which collapses to penetrate the blockage and is deployed to engage the blockage such that as the machine is withdrawn from the auger hole, the blockage is removed therewith. A device is provided for completing the auger hole cleaning operation by entraining silt or other contaminates in a stream of water and collecting the silt laden water which is transported and discharged at a remote location.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for scanning a plurality of sensor units. The device is comprised of at least one remote data acquisition unit which sequentially scans a plurality of sensor units and which stores data corresponding to the stress measured and the location of the sensor unit measuring the stress. A master control unit is provided for receiving address and stress data from the at least one remote data acquisition unit and comparing the magnitude of the stress with respect to predetermined stress values. A display unit is provided which illustrates the relative magnitude of stress measured with the above mentioned predetermined stress values.

Abstract: The surface acoustic waves are generated by laser beam that is focussed onto a surface to irradiate it in an arcuate pattern as a partial annulus or as a still or moving fringe pattern. The arcuate pattern may be formed by a transmitting or a reflecting axicon, while the fringe pattern may be formed by splitting the laser beam into two beams and directing the two beams to the surface. In addition, a lens or a frequency shifting device may be placed in the path of one of the split beams to form a circular fringe or a moving fringe, respectively.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for remotely positioning individual explosive charges at preselected locations in substantially horizontal voids created by mining hard material such as coal are disclosed. The method includes the steps of positioning at least one charge proximate the entry of a void. The charge is then armed as by connecting a detonator cord thereto and inserted into a void to a preselected depth from a remote location. An apparatus is provided for positioning the charges at preselected locations in the voids and includes insert means having a body member for releasably engaging the charges during the positioning operation. The insert means is driven until the body member and charge propelled thereby is moved to a preselected location within the void where the charge is deposited.

Abstract: Derivatives have been formed from chitins and chitosans in which the amine residues on the polyglucosamine have been modified to form the groups:(a) --N.dbd.CHR or --NHCH.sub.2 R(b) --NHR'(c) --NHR" and(d) --NH--CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 H or --NH--glycerylwhereR is an aromatic moiety having at least one hydroxyl or carboxyl group, or a macrocyclic ligandR' is an aldose or ketose residue, and,R" is an organometallic aldehyde residue.These derivatives are useful in chelating metals, in pharmaceutical formulations, in cosmetics, in chromatographic separations, in enzyme immobilization, as catalysts, etc. Galactomannans having selected amine-containing side chains have also been prepared by reductive amination.