Abstract: A device or method for affinity binding on an aluminum oxide surface. A biomolecule provides for immobilizing on the aluminum oxide surface. The biomolecule includes a histidine rich domain, a metal binding domain, or a metal binding moiety to immobilize the biomolecule on the aluminum oxide surface. The histidine rich domain provides at least 4 consecutive histidine residues. The metal binding domain or the metal binding moiety is selected from phosvitin, porphyrin-containing proteins and macromolecules, and nitrogen-containing macrocyclic aminopolycarboxylic acids.

Abstract: An improved thin film optical interference apparatus, methods of use and of manufacture are provided, the apparatus comprising means for generating optical interference colours directly on the surface of a single layer of anodized metal. The interference colours generated by the presently improved apparatus can be used to indicate the presence of at least one organic compound or analyte.

Abstract: A device, interface complex, diagnostic system, kit or method for use in binding analyte of interest, wherein immobilizing is on an aluminum oxide surface. An interface molecule is immobilized on the aluminum oxide surface. Attached to the interface molecule, is a cross linking agent for binding to the analyte, or a biomolecule specific to the analyte. The interface molecule includes a polypeptide having at least one carboxy rich domain providing at least 5 free carboxyl groups within a molecular volume of 2.2-25 nm3, the free carboxyl groups being provided by amino acids containing two or more carboxyl groups, through which the interface molecule is immobilized to the aluminum oxide surface. The biomolecule may be covalently attached to the interface molecule, or the biomolecule may bean engineered antibody attached to the interface molecule through an antigenic determinant or through an Fc fragment.