Abstract: The present invention relates to cosmetic or dermatological compositions containing PQQ or its esters, methods of treating or promoting skin changes by topical application of these compositions, and methods of synthesis of PQQ esters. The PQQ ester-containing compositions of the present invention are unexpectedly effective in treating skin, particularly with respect to skin tolerance. When included in a topical composition, the PQQ esters of the present invention have an antioxidant effect that is useful in treating a skin change.

Abstract: A double conjugate molecule made of a retinoid, an organic acid, particularly an a-hydroxy acid, and an alcohol or acyl group, is provided which is useful in treating skin conditions, particularly aging. The retinoid, organic acid, and alcohol/acyl group are preferably linked via ester bonds.

Abstract: A method of improving the appearance of skin, involves topically administering to a subject in need thereof a botanical antioxidant composition having a botanical antioxidant extract blend with: (a) at least one hydroxycinnamic acid, and (b) a camellia sinesis, vitis vinifera, euterpe oleracea, curcuma longa, and/or theobroma cacao extract, wherein the composition is in cream, lotion, solution, serum, anhydrous preparation, emulsion, microemulsion, multiple emulsion, gel, solid stick, ointment, dry powder, spray, or aerosol form.

Abstract: A method for characterizing an oxidative stress protective capacity of an antioxidative substance includes assigning a first score indicative of an oxidative stress protective capacity of a first antioxidative substance. The first score is based on the performance of the first antioxidative substance in a first antioxidative efficacy test relative to the performance of a second antioxidative substance in the first antioxidative efficacy test.

Abstract: A method for informing a purchaser of a topical skin care preparation of an oxidative stress protective capacity, relative to human skin, of a first antioxidative substance included in the topical skin care preparation, includes providing the topical skin care preparation, the topical skin care preparation including the first antioxidative substance. Information is provided including a total score indicative of an oxidative stress protective capacity, relative to human skin, of the first antioxidative substance. The total score is based on a combination of a first score representative of a performance of the first antioxidative substance in a first antioxidative efficacy test and a second score representative of a performance of the first antioxidative substance in a second antioxidative efficacy test.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel carboxylic acid-substituted idebenone derivatives, skin treatment compositions containing these carboxylic acid-substituted idebenone derivatives, methods of treating skin changes by topical application of these carboxylic acid-substituted idebenone derivatives, and their methods of synthesis. The carboxylic acid-substituted idebenone derivatives of the present invention are unexpectedly effective in treating skin, particularly with respect to skin tolerance. When included in a topical composition, the carboxylic acid-substituted idebenone derivatives of the present invention have an antioxidant effect that is useful in treating a skin change.

Abstract: A method for characterizing an oxidative stress protective capacity of an antioxidative substance includes assigning a first score indicative of an oxidative stress protective capacity of a first antioxidative substance. The first score is based on the performance of the first antioxidative substance in a first antioxidative efficacy test relative to the performance of a second antioxidative substance in the first antioxidative efficacy test.

Abstract: A method for reducing an occurrence of irritation and/or inflammatory reaction in human skin includes applying a topical preparation to the skin. The preparation includes an amount of an agent effective to reduce an occurrence of irritation and/or inflammatory reaction in human skin. The agent includes idebenone or a derivative of idebenone.

Abstract: A method for reducing an occurrence of hyperpigmentation in human skin includes applying to the skin a topical preparation including an amount of an agent effective to reduce an occurrence of hyperpigmentation in human skin. The agent includes idebenone or a derivative of idebenone.

Abstract: A method for reducing sunburn cells in human skin includes applying a topical preparation comprising an amount of an agent effective to reduce the formation of sunburn cells in human skin, and exposing the skin to ultraviolet radiation. The agent includes idebenone or a derivative of idebenone.