Abstract: A production monitoring and analysis method based on an image data algorithm includes: obtaining a reconstructed gray histogram according to a gray image of an image where a product identification code is located; obtaining a segmentation threshold of an Otsu algorithm for segmenting the reconstructed gray histogram, obtaining the adjustment of the gray level in the sub-gray histogram according to the number of pixels corresponding to each gray level in the reconstructed gray histogram and the segmentation threshold, correcting the sub-gray histogram to obtain a corrected sub-gray histogram according to the adjustment of the gray level in the sub-gray histogram, the lateral segmentation threshold of the sub-gray histogram, and all the gray levels greater than the lateral segmentation threshold, and obtaining an enhanced gray image according to the corrected sub-gray histogram. The method avoids the loss of original information when using histogram equalization for image enhancement.