Abstract: Fuel injection equipment for an internal combustion engine is modified by connecting a closed chamber (28) via a permanently open flow restriction (29) either to the working chamber (11) of a fuel pump (1), or to a high pressure fuel supply connection (36) between the output of the working chamber (11) and a fuel injector (39), or to a pressurized fuel supply passage (55) in the injector upstream of an injector valve (48). The volume of the closed chamber (28) and the cross sectional flow area of the restriction (29) are selected to allow a predetermined volume of pressurized fuel to flow into the closed chamber (28) when the equipment is operating, thereby reducing the flow of fuel through the injector valve (48) during the initial period of injection.

Abstract: A fuel injector clamp takes the form of a generally oval-shaped ring manufactured from pipe so that the side walls on the minor axis enclose flats on opposite sides of the injector body and the end walls on the major axis each encircle a respective fixing bolt. The end walls encircle more than 180 degrees of the circumference of the bolt. The side walls adjacent each end are pinched inwards towards one another, but are not fully brought together. Encirclement of the fixing bolts in this way serves to increase the contact area between the botls and clamp to ensure improved clamping, and also produces an inherent resistance to spreading of hte side walls. The lower edges of the side walls are each formed with a pair of indentation so that the portion therebetween is arcuate and forms a point contact with a respective bearing shoulder on the injector body. These identations are formed by deformation of the edges of the side wall so as to avoid machining.

Abstract: An oil cooler (1) is removably mounted on the side of an engine block (13) with a tubular coolant flow coupling (19) received as a push-fit in an aperture (18) in the block so that the coolant flow connection is simply made as the oil cooler is fastened to the side of the block. The coupling (19) may be a push-fit in respective axially aligned apertures (18,20) in the block and the cooler. The flow coupling may be an inlet coupling for coolant from the block. The end of the coupling that cooperates with the block has an extension (24) that projects into a coolant flow passage (17) in the block and is shaped to form an inlet opening that is directed laterally of the axis of the coupling and upstream of the coolant flow in said passage. The extension (24) collects coolant from said passage and produces a pressure drop in said passage.

Abstract: A dipstick comprises a blade (1) having a handle (4) connected to one end of the blade by means of an intermediate resilient tubular collar (3), said one end of the blade and said collar being provided with first formations (10,11) that cooperate as a snap-fit when said one end of the blade is inserted into the collar thereby to retain the two axially together, and said handle having a central aperture (5) to receive the collar as a close fit and said handle and said collar being provided with second formations (16,18) that cooperate as a snap-fit when said collar is inserted into the central aperture in the handle thereby to retain the two axially together, said first formations (10,11) then being constrained radially within said aperture (5) so as to lock the blade therein. Thus, the blade and collar can be easily assembled together and both then inserted into the handle to form the complete assembly in a simple manner.

Abstract: Smoke density measuring apparatus comprising a duct (1) through which the smoke passes, a light source (4) and a photodetector (6) located on opposite sides of the duct adjacent openings (2,3) in the side walls of the duct so that the source (4) directs a beam of light across the duct through the openings to the photodetector (6), a gas supply (10) associated with the openings (2,3) in the side walls of the duct so that gas flows through each opening into the duct, gas flow control valve (13) for varying the rate of flow of gas through said openings, sensor (17) for monitoring the rate of flow of smoke through the duct, and a control circuit (FIG. 4) for controlling the gas flow control valve (13) in a manner dependent on operation of the sensor (17) so that the rate of flow of gas through the openings is reduced when the rate of flow of smoke falls below a predetermined value. The control circuit (FIG.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine comprising a piston (1) having a combustion bowl (3) recessed in the crown of the piston and a plurality of arcuate recesses (7) formed in the side wall (6) of the bowl spaced apart by arcuate intermediate portions of the side wall, swirl means to cause the inlet air to rotate about the axis of the bowl, and fuel injection means (2) that serves to direct a plurality of fuel jets radially of the bowl each towards a corresponding recess (7), the piston is characterized in that the ratio of the maximum distance by which each recess (7) extends radially into the side wall (6) compared with the radius of the side wall (6), lies within the range 0.10 to 0.20.

Abstract: A machine cover comprising a main body 1 having two or more apertures 6 closed by interchangeable inserts 8,9, at least one of which incorporates an inlet duct 12 so that this inlet duct can be located in one of two or more different positions in the cover. A pair of interchangeable inserts for an adjacent pair of apertures may be formed in a single component 8 that is reversible end-to-end and which cooperates with both apertures 6 so that the filler duct 11 is aligned with either one while the other aperture is closed. One or more blanking inserts are provided to close each of the other apertures, one blanking component 9 being provided for each pair of adjacent apertures if desired. Alternatively, the insert 18 incorporating the filler duct 11 may be insertable in each aperture 16 in each of two or more different orientations in each of which the filler duct is located in a different position.

Abstract: An engine sump 4 has an oil suction passage 7 formed in its side wall to communicate with the sump well 6 at its lower end and to open upwards at its upper end to communicate with a passage in a crankcase 3. Preferably, the passage 7 opens into an upwardly opening gallery 13 in the top of the sump wall along part of its length. Two such oil suction pipes 7, 8 may be provided at opposite locations relative to a central point so that the sump 4 can be rotated 180 degrees about this point from one fitting position to another. A filter element 11 may be provided in the oil suction passage 7 and held therein by the crankcase 3.